Origin of 1015−101610^{15}-10^{16}G Magnetic Fields in the Central Engine of Gamma Ray Bursts

Various authors have suggested that the gamma-ray burst (GRB) central engine is a rapidly rotating, strongly magnetized, $(\sim 10^{15}-10^{16}$ G) compact object. The strong magnetic field can accelerate and collimate the relativistic flow and the rotation of the compact object can be the energy source of the GRB. The major problem in this scenario is the difficulty of finding an astrophysical mechanism for obtaining such intense fields. Whereas, in principle, a neutron star could maintain such strong fields, it is difficult to justify a scenario for their creation. If the compact object is a black hole, the problem is more difficult since, according to general relativity it has "no hair" (i.e., no magnetic field). Schuster, Blackett, Pauli, and others have suggested that a rotating neutral body can create a magnetic field by non-minimal gravitational-electromagnetic coupling (NMGEC). The Schuster-Blackett form of NMGEC was obtained from the Mikhail and Wanas's tetrad theory of gravitation (MW). We call the general theory NMGEC-MW. We investigate here the possible origin of the intense magnetic fields $\sim 10^{15}-10^{16}$ G in GRBs by NMGEC-MW. Whereas these fields are difficult to explain astrophysically, we find that they are easily explained by NMGEC-MW. It not only explains the origin of the $\sim 10^{15}-10^{16}$G fields when the compact object is a neutron star, but also when it is a black hole.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in JCA

Dark energy, non-minimal couplings and the origin of cosmic magnetic fields

In this work we consider the most general electromagnetic theory in curved space-time leading to linear second order differential equations, including non-minimal couplings to the space-time curvature. We assume the presence of a temporal electromagnetic background whose energy density plays the role of dark energy, as has been recently suggested. Imposing the consistency of the theory in the weak-field limit, we show that it reduces to standard electromagnetism in the presence of an effective electromagnetic current which is generated by the momentum density of the matter/energy distribution, even for neutral sources. This implies that in the presence of dark energy, the motion of large-scale structures generates magnetic fields. Estimates of the present amplitude of the generated seed fields for typical spiral galaxies could reach $10^{-9}$ G without any amplification. In the case of compact rotating objects, the theory predicts their magnetic moments to be related to their angular momenta in the way suggested by the so called Schuster-Blackett conjecture.Comment: 5 pages, no figure

Origin of Magnetic Fields in the Universe Due to Nonminimal Gravitational-Electromagnetic Coupling

Basically the only existing theories for the creation of a magnetic field B in the Universe are the creation of a seed field of order 10^{-20} G in spiral galaxy which is subsequently supposedly amplified up to the observed 10^{-6} - 10^{-5} G by a dynamo process or a seed intergalactic field of magnitude 10^{-12} - 10^{-10} G which is amplified by collapse and differential rotation. No satisfactory dynamo theory, however, exists today. We show that a 10^{-6} - 10^{-5} G magnetic field in spiral galaxies is directly obtained from a nonminimal gravitational-electromagnetic coupling, without the need of significant dynamo amplification.Comment: 5 pages, Latex (Revtex), no figures, To appear in PR

Influence of decoction of centaury on a sialosis and development of caries for rats

При проведении экспериментальных исследований было установлено, что применение золототысячника у крыс, которым воспроизводили модель гипосаливации, приводит к увеличению скорости слюновыделения. В группе крыс, где золототысячник применяли в виде полосканий, наблюдалось наиболее достоверное увеличение скорости саливации (близкое к показателям интактных животных) и наименьшие показатели распространенности и интенсивности кариеса зубов.При проведенні експериментальних досліджень було встановлено, що застосування золототисячника у щурів, яким відтворювали модель гипосалівації, призводить до збільшення швидкості слиновиділення. У групі щурів, де золототисячник застосовували у вигляді полоскань, спостерігалося найбільш достовірне збільшення салівації (близьке до показників інтактних тварин) і найменші показники поширеності та інтенсивності карієсу зубів.It was set during realization of experimental researches, that over application of centaury for rats the model of hyposalivation was reproduced that brings to the increase of salivation’s speed. In the group of rats, where a centaury was applied as rinses, there were the most reliable increase of sialosis (near to the indexes of intact animals) and the least indexes of prevalence and intensity of tooth decay. The applications of Centuary tincture on the OMM gives the fast penetration of active components through regional and central blood flow to salivary glands

Peer telephone counseling for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus:a case-study approach to inform the design, development, and evaluation of programs targeting physical activity

Purpose: The purpose of this case study was to determine the feasibility of peer-led telephone counseling for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus related to physical activity (PA) and to establish preliminary efficacy of peer-led telephone counseling for eliciting recommended changes in PA-related cognitions and behaviors for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 8 adults (5 males and 3 females, aged 59.5 (6.5) years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus completed quantitative self-report measures of aerobic-based PA, resistance training (RT), along with metrics from social cognitive theory (SCT) before and after a 12-week intervention. Qualitative data from weekly peer-led telephone sessions were collected by a peer counselor and subsequently organized into themes and analyzed using a mixed-methods, collective case-study approach. Results: PA behaviors remained relatively constant over the 12-week intervention. Self-efficacy for RT improved (z = -2.03; P = .04). From the peer counselor’s perspective, identifiable inhibitors to PA, which included low self-efficacy and disease condition limitations, were successfully translated into enablers/motivators. Perceived health benefits were frequently reported by the peer counselor as motivators for the participants over the study period. Participants believed peer counseling by telephone influenced their decision to continue to participate in PA. Conclusion: Theory-based, peer-led telephone counseling shows some promise for increasing receptiveness to PA, but had little effect on improving behavior for most participants. Further studies will be necessary to determine the effectiveness and the sustainability of this approach