A probabilistic method for the operation of three-phase unbalanced active distribution networks

YesThis paper proposes a probabilistic multi-objective optimization method for the operation of three-phase distribution networks incorporating active network management (ANM) schemes including coordinated voltage control and adaptive power factor control. The proposed probabilistic method incorporates detailed modelling of three-phase distribution network components and considers different operational objectives. The method simultaneously minimizes the total energy losses of the lines from the point of view of distribution network operators (DNOs) and maximizes the energy generated by photovoltaic (PV) cells considering ANM schemes and network constraints. Uncertainties related to intermittent generation of PVs and load demands are modelled by probability density functions (PDFs). Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to use the generated PDFs. The problem is solved using ɛ-constraint approach and fuzzy satisfying method is used to select the best solution from the Pareto optimal set. The effectiveness of the proposed probabilistic method is demonstrated with IEEE 13- and 34- bus test feeders

Acetone chemical ionization studies VIII: pyridine derivatives

Acetone chemical ionization mass spectra of pyridine and 23 isomeric alkyl, dialkyl, amino, hydroxy, cyano and halo pyridines were studied. The formation of [M + H]+ ions and the adducts corresponding to [M + 43]+ and [M + 59]+ ions is controlled by the proton affinity of the substrate and the position of the substituent. The acetylation reaction is less pronounced in 2-substituted pyridines due to steric factors, except in amino and hydroxypyridines where the acetylated ion is stabilized through hydrogen bonding. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of [M + 43]+ ions of isomeric amino and hydroxypyridines suggest acetylation occurs mainly at the ring nitrogen