Marine National Park and conservation of fisheries resources

Industrial development often takes priority over other sectors in developing countries. In the process, problems like pollution of air, water, growth of slums, lack of sanitary facilities and other environmental hazards greatly increase, reaching to uncontrollable proportions. In the industrial development. In the sphere of both Fisheries and Tourism, mistakes of development are common. It is high time that we pay some attention to the proper planning and development of the seafood export industries along our fine fishing coast. Similarity the other economic activities of sea, in particular the exploitation of the bed and coastal zones in the west coast for oil, have increased in recent years to such an extent that the detrimental effects on the ecological balance in some habitats are no longer minor

Inhibition of methanogenesis and its reversal during biogas formation from cattle manure

The composition of volatile fatty acids in the biogas digester based on cattle manure as substrate and stabilised at 25°C showed that it contained 87-88% branched chain fatty acids, comprising of isobutyric and isovaleric acids, in comparison to 38 % observed in the digester operating at 35°C. Mixed cellulolytic cultures equilibrated at 25°C (C-25) and 35‡C (C-35) showed similar properties, but rates of hydrolysis were three times higher than that observed in a standard biogas digester. The proportion of isobutyric and isovaleric were drastically reduced when C-25 was grown with glucose or filter paper as substrates. The volatile fatty acids recovered from C-25 (at 25°C) inhibited growth of methanogens on acetate, whereas that from C-35 was not inhibitory. The inhibitory effects were due to the branched chain fatty acids and were observed with isobutyric acid at concentrations as low as 50 ppm. Addition of another micro-organism Rhodotorula selected for growth on isobutyric completely reversed this inhibition. Results indicate that the aceticlastic methanogens are very sensitive to inhibition by branched chain fatty acids and reduction in methane formation in biogas digester at lower temperature may be due to this effect

"Making windows where there were once walls": Transformation in higher education curricula

As the events across South African campuses in 2015 and 2016 have shown, if there are any meaningful insights into quality and transformation, lessons could be learned from conceptions of madness. The intention is to examine curriculum transformation in South Africa and whether there are lessons to be drawn from other post-colonial environments’ experiences. In order to interrogate curriculum transformation, a shared understanding of the purpose of higher education especially in relation to its transformative potential and value needs to be established. As part of this exploration, how the curriculum has become a key focus area in the pursuit of a transformation agenda will be discussed. Given the perceived centrality of the curriculum, the role of the state in setting and supporting the transformation agenda is examined, as are the components of the system that either drives or inhibits the achievement of effective curriculum transformation

Nutrients in the shadow-nutrients of substance

While the dietary importance of proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins and trace elements has been well recognised, the role of shadow nutrients, a class of metabolites, which are biosynthesized in the body and serve vital functions, such as lipoic acid, choline, inositol, taurine and carnitine, has not been adequately appreciated. There are reasons to believe that during infancy and in ageing, biosynthesis of these metabolites may be limited. The objective of this review is to highlight the essentiality of these nutrients and the need for their supplementation in the diets of infants and in elderly people. Provision of shadow nutrients where the necessary biosynthetic machinery might not have developed to full stature or might have slowed down, is a new concept in nutrition which needs attention

The eels and eel fisheries of India

Traditionally marketable species of eels are caught from conventional fishing grounds of northwest and northeast coasts of India and are largely a by-catch

The destruction of young fish and its impact on inshore fisheries

The annual average loss of catfish due to eggs and larvae destruction is estimated at an alarming 5250t valued at Rs. 4.12 crore

मछलियँ-एक समग्र परिचिंतन

कृपया पूरा लेख पढे

Length - weight relationship of a mesopelagic shrimp, Oplophorus typus from the west coast of India

The length weight relationship of Oplophorus typus (Oplophoridae) was studied from samples by Isaac Kid - Mid water Trawl (IKMT)operated onboard FORV Sagar Sampada off west coast of india during October 1998 to May 2001. The relationship between total length and total weight and other dimentional relationship were also worked out. The relationships are not significantly different between male and female

Distribution and abundance of the genus Vinciguerria (Gonostomatidae) in the DSL of Indian EEZ with a note on the biology of Vinciguerria nimbaria

In the DSL fish biomass one of the dominant genus was Vinciguerria, represented by three species such as V. nimbaria, V. attenuata and V. poweriae. The occurrence of Vinciguerria was frequent in nortliwest and southwest area of EEZ at varying depths. The average number per haul in Isaac Kidd mid water trawl (IKMT) was 149 in day and 191 in night collection. Vinciguerria nimbaria has accounted for more than 95% of the total catch of the genus. Its total length varied from 10-56 mm. The length weight relationship is log W = -5.5691 + 3.1676 log I. Invariably the species fed on copepods, ostracods, cladocerans, appendicularians euphausiids, chaetognaths, fish larvae etc. with variations in feeding intensity during day and night. About 92 % of the catch belonged to mature fishes. The species spawns only once in a year and the fecundity ranged from 140 to 770 ova in fishes of 34 - 55 mm total length

The Nuclear Activity of the Galaxies in the Hickson Compact Groups

In order to investigate the nuclear activity of galaxies residing in compact groups of galaxies, we present results of our optical spectroscopic program made at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. We have performed optical spectroscopy of 69 galaxies which belong to 31 Hickson Compact Groups (HCGs) of Galaxies. Among them, three galaxies have discordant redshifts. Further, spectral quality is too poor to classify other three galaxies. Therefore, we describe our results for the remaining 63 galaxies. Our main results are summarized below. (1) We have found in our sample; 28 AGN, 16 HII nuclei, and 19 normal galaxies which show no emission line. We used this HCG sample for statistical analyses. (2) Comparing the frequency distributions of activity types between the HCGs and the field galaxies whose data are taken from Ho, Filippenko, & Sargent (382 field galaxies), we find that the frequency of HII nuclei in the HCGs is significantly less than that in the field. However, this difference may be due to selection bias that our HCG sample contains more early-type galaxies than the field, because it is known that HII nuclei are rarer in early-type galaxies than in later ones. (3) Applying correction this morphological bias to the HCG sample, we find that there is no statistically significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of emission-line galaxies between the HCGs and the field. This implies that the dense galaxy environment in the HCGs does not affect triggering both the AGN activity and the nuclear starburst. We discuss some implications on the nuclear activity in the HCG galaxies.Comment: 33 pages (3 aasms4 LaTeX files), 5 figures (5 Postscript files: excluded Figure 1), Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journa