Generalized Chaotic Synchronizationin Coupled Ginzburg-Landau Equations

Generalized synchronization is analyzed in unidirectionally coupled oscillatory systems exhibiting spatiotemporal chaotic behavior described by Ginzburg-Landau equations. Several types of coupling betweenthe systems are analyzed. The largest spatial Lyapunov exponent is proposed as a new characteristic of the state of a distributed system, and its calculation is described for a distributed oscillatory system. Partial generalized synchronization is introduced as a new type of chaotic synchronization in spatially nonuniform distributed systems. The physical mechanisms responsible for the onset of generalized chaotic synchronization in spatially distributed oscillatory systems are elucidated. It is shown that the onset of generalized chaotic synchronization is described by a modified Ginzburg-Landau equation with additional dissipation irrespective of the type of coupling. The effect of noise on the onset of a generalized synchronization regime in coupled distributed systems is analyzed.Comment: 12 page

Phenotypic effects of the dwarfing gene Rht-17 in spring durum wheat under two climatic conditions

Alleles of the genes, conferring a dwarfing phenotype, play a crucial role in wheat breeding, as they not only reduce plant height, ensuring their resistance to lodging, but also have a number of positive and negative pleiotropic effects on plant productivity. Durum wheat carries only two subgenomes (A and B), which limits the use of the D-subgenome genes and requires the expansion of the arsenal of dwarfing alleles and the study of their effects on height and agronomically important traits. We studied the effect of the gibberellin-insensitive allele Rht-B1p in the B2F2:3 families, developed by crossing Chris Mutant /#517//LD222 in a field experiment in Moscow and Krasnodar. In our experiments, plants homozygous for Rht-B1p were shorter than those homozygous for the wild-type allele Rht-B1a by 36.3 cm (40 %) in Moscow and 49.5 cm (48 %) in Krasnodar. In the field experiment in Krasnodar, each plant with Rht-B1p had one less internode than any plant with Rht-B1a, which additionally contributed to the decrease in plant height. Grain weight per main spike was lower in plants with Rht-B1p than in plants with Rht-B1a by 12 % in Moscow and by 23 % in Krasnodar due to a decrease in 1000 grain weight in both regions of the field experiment. The number of grains per main spike in plants with Rht-B1p was higher in comparison to that with Rht-B1a by 6.5 % in Moscow due to an increase in spikelet number per main spike and by 11 % in Krasnodar due to an increase in grain number per spikelet. The onset of heading in plants with Rht-B1p in comparison with the plants with the wild-type allele Rht-B1a was 7 days later in Krasnodar. The possibility and prospects for the use of Rht-B1p in the breeding of durum wheat are discussed

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РАКОМ ПОЧКИ ПОСЛЕ ЭНДОВИДЕОХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЙ РАДИКАЛЬНОЙ НЕФРЭКТОМИИ И РЕЗЕКЦИИ ПОЧКИ

The results of surgical treatment were analyzed in 48 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Out of them, 31 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy (LNE), 17 had laparoscopic renal resection (LRR). The mean follow-up period was 34.4 months with a standard deviation of ± 17 months).Our presented series of 17 LRR and 31 LNE cases is comparable with the similar series described in the world literature in terms of surgical parameters, safety, and efficiency. The results of surgical treatment are objectively close to those of virtually complete cure. The wide introduction of organ-sparing surgical procedures is urgent for patients with T1a-bN0M0 RCC.Выполнен анализ результатов оперативного лечения 48 пациентов с почечно-клеточным раком (ПКР). Из них 31 больному была выполнена лапароскопическая нефрэктомия (ЛНЭ), 17 больным – лапароскопическая резекция почки (ЛРП). Среднее время наблюдения за больными составило 34,4 мес (стандартное отклонение ± 17 мес).Представленная нами серия из 17 случаев ЛРП и 31 случая ЛНЭ сопоставима в отношении хирургических показателей, безопасности и эффективности с аналогичными сериями, описанными в мировой литературе. Результаты хирургического лечения объективно близки к практически полному излечению. Для больных ПКР на стадии T1a–bN0M0 актуальным является вопрос о широком внедрении органосохраняющих способов хирургического лечения

Development of Specific Thinopyrum Cytogenetic Markers for Wheat-Wheatgrass Hybrids Using Sequencing and qPCR Data

The cytogenetic study of wide hybrids of wheat has both practical and fundamental values. Partial wheat-wheatgrass hybrids (WWGHs) are interesting as a breeding bridge to confer valuable genes to wheat genome, as well as a model object that contains related genomes of Triticeae. The development of cytogenetic markers is a process that requires long and laborious fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing of various probes before a suitable probe is found. In this study, we aimed to find an approach that allows to facilitate this process. Based on the data sequencing of Thinopyrum ponticum, we selected six tandem repeat (TR) clusters using RepeatExplorer2 pipeline and designed primers for each of them. We estimated the found TRs’ abundance in the genomes of Triticum aestivum, Thinopyrum ponticum, Thinopyrum intermedium and four different WWGH accessions using real-time qPCR, and localized them on the chromosomes of the studied WWGHs using fluorescence in situ hybridization. As a result, we obtained three tandem repeat cytogenetic markers that specifically labeled wheatgrass chromosomes in the presence of bread wheat chromosomes. Moreover, we designed and tested primers for these repeats, and demonstrated that they can be used as qPCR markers for quick and cheap monitoring of the presence of certain chromosomes of wheatgrass in breeding programs

Tracing the Element: The Molecular Bases of Molybdenum Homeostasis in Legumes

The optimization of all constituent conditions to obtain high and even maximum yields is a recent trend in agriculture. Legumes play a special role in this process, as they have unique characteristics with respect to storing protein and many other important components in their seeds that are useful for human and animal nutrition as well as industry and agriculture. A great advantage of legumes is the nitrogen fixation activity of their symbiotic nodule bacteria. This nitrogen self-sufficiency contributes directly to the challenging issue of feeding the world’s growing population. Molybdenum is one of the most sought-after nutrients because it provides optimal conditions for the maximum efficiency of the enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation as well as other molybdenum-containing enzymes in the host plant and symbiotic nodule bacteria. In this review, we consider the most optimal way of providing legume plants with molybdenum, its distribution in ontogeny throughout the plant, and its accumulation at the end of the growing season in the seeds. Overall, molybdenum supply improves seed quality and allows for the efficient use of the micronutrient by molybdenum-containing enzymes in the plant and subsequently the nodules at the initial stages of growth after germination. A sufficient supply of molybdenum avoids competition for this trace element between nitrogenase and nodule nitrate reductase, which enhances the supply of nitrogen to the plant. Finally, we also consider the possibility of regulating molybdenum homeostasis using modern genetic approaches

Root Causes of Flowering: Two Sides of Bolting in Sugar Beet

Sugar beet is an important root crop with a biennial life cycle. In the first year of its life cycle, it produces huge amounts of leaf and root mass used for the production of sugar and bioethanol, livestock feed, confectionery and pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, and soil restoration. Normally, after exposure to cold temperatures during winter storage, in the second year of its life cycle, it enters its reproductive phase. However, during the first year of growth, sugar beet plants may be susceptible to producing flowering shoots, or “bolting”, due to vernalization and long-day conditions. Bolting reduces both the yield and the sugar content of roots. Here, we review the published research works that study the environmental factors influencing bolting, the genetic (including epigenetic) and physiological mechanisms that regulate the transition to the reproductive phase, and the agrotechnical and breeding practices used to prevent bolting. Models of gene networks that regulate the transition to flowering are presented. Methods for selecting non-bolting plants using conventional, marker-assisted, and genomic breeding are demonstrated. Attention is also paid to the speed breeding technology that stimulates bolting and flowering sugar beet plants in an artificial climate. Growing sugar beet plants “from seed to seed” can potentially accelerate the breeding and seed production of sugar beet. This review compares different conditions for inducing bolting in sugar beet in climatic chambers and greenhouses. It examines parameters such as temperature, duration of light exposure, and light intensity during the pre-vernalization, post-vernalization, and vernalization periods. The present review may be useful for specialists in sugar beet cultivation, breeders working on developing cultivars and hybrids that are resistant to bolting, and molecular biologists studying the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying the transition of plants into the flowering stage

Comparative Characterization of <i>Pseudoroegneria libanotica</i> and <i>Pseudoroegneria tauri</i> Based on Their Repeatome Peculiarities

Pseudoroegneria species play an important role among Triticeae grasses, as they are the putative donors of the St genome in many polyploid species. Satellite repeats are widely used as a reliable tool for tracking evolutionary changes because they are distributed throughout the genomes of plants. The aim of our work is to perform a comparative characterization of the repeatomes of the closely related species Ps. libanotica and Ps. tauri, and Ps. spicata was also included in the analysis. The overall repeatome structures of Ps. libanotica, Ps. tauri, and Ps. spicata were similar, with some individual peculiarities observed in the abundance of the SIRE (Ty1/Copia) retrotransposons, Mutator and Harbinger transposons, and satellites. Nine new satellite repeats that have been identified from the whole-genome sequences of Ps. spicata and Ps. tauri, as well as the CL244 repeat that was previously found in Aegilops crassa, were localized to the chromosomes of Ps. libanotica and Ps. tauri. Four satellite repeats (CL69, CL101, CL119, CL244) demonstrated terminal and/or distal localization, while six repeats (CL82, CL89, CL168, CL185, CL192, CL207) were pericentromeric. Based on the obtained results, it can be assumed that Ps. libanotica and Ps. tauri are closely related species, although they have individual peculiarities in their repeatome structures and patterns of satellite repeat localization on chromosomes. The evolutionary fate of the identified satellite repeats and their related sequences, as well as their distribution on the chromosomes of Triticeae species, are discussed. The newly developed St genome chromosome markers developed in the present research can be useful in population studies of Ps. libanotica and Ps. tauri; auto- and allopolyploids that contain the St genome, such as Thinopyrum, Elymus, Kengyilia, and Roegneria; and wide hybrids between wheat and related wild species

DISTRIBUTION OF ALLELIC VARIANTS OF Wx GENES IN THE COMMON WHEAT COLLECTION MADE AT THE KRASNODAR LUKYANENKO RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE

Molecular marker-based identification of allelic variants of Wx genes has been performed in the collection of 99 common wheat cultivars and breeding lines developed at the Krasnodar Lukyanenko Research Institute of Agriculture.Use of two molecular markers to the Wx-А1 gene shows that cultivars ‘Starshina’ and ‘Sila’ carry null alleles of Wx-А1. Studies with four systems of molecular markers indicate that cultivars ‘Nota’ and ‘Lastochka’ possess the Wx-B1e allele. No cultivars with null-alleles of Wx-B1 have been found. Only wild-type alleles are present in the Wx-D1 locus