Distribution and host range of the grapevine plasmodiophorid Sorosphaera viticola

Sorosphaera viticola, an obligate parasite of grapevine, was first detected in 2003 in roots of Vitis berlandieri x V. riparia rootstocks in a vineyard in the German Rheingau. To estimate the distribution and the abundance of S. viticola, other German and Austrian winegrowing areas (Mosel-Saar-Ruwer, Rhineland-Palatinate, Weinviertel) were screened. Vineyards planted with different rootstocks or own-rooted V. vinifera vines were chosen to elucidate the host range of this plasmodiophorid within the genus Vitis. S. viticola was found in different V. berlandieri x V. riparia hybrids and in roots of V. vinifera. Root samples from wild V. riparia from the Niagara Peninsula (Canada) were also found to be infested by S. viticola. This is the first record of S. viticola outside of Europe

Untersuchungen zum Lichtkompensationspunkt der Rebe

Von Vitis riparia, V. rupestris und den V.-vinifera-Sorten Müller-Thurgau und Riesling wurde die photosynthetische Leistung bei sieben Beleuchtungsstufen zwischen 40.000 lx und 50 lx bestimmt. Hieraus wurden auf statistischem Weg Kompensationspunkte, Dunkelatmungsraten und der Anstieg der Assimilationskurven bestimmt. Weiterhin wurden der Diffusionswiderstand des Blattes und Kennwerte der Blattstruktur ermittelt.Bei hoher Lichtintensität (38 400 lx) weist V . rupestris mit 7,25 mg CO2/dm2 • h eine h ohe NPR und V . riparia mit 3,96 mg CO2/dm2 · h eine geringe NPR auf. Die NPR von Müller-Thurgau (6,48 mg CO2/dm2 · h) und die von Riesling (6 ,50 mg CO2/dm2 · h) liegen zwischen den genannten Extremwerten.Bei ca. 4 000 lx treten keine Unterschiede in der NPR zwischen den Genotypen auf.Der Lichtkompensationspunkt liegt bei Riesling mit 750 lx am höchsten und bei V. riparia mit 450 lx am niedrigsten.Die Dunkelatmungsrate ist mit 0,40 mg CO2/dm2 · h bei Riesling am höchsten und bei V. riparia mit 0,21 mg CO2/dm2 · h am niedrigsten.V. riparia besitzt sowohl bei starker als auch bei schwacher Beleuchtungsstärke die höchsten Blattdiffusionswiderstände.Der Korrelationskoeffizient zwischen NPR und Oberflächenentwicklung des Blattes beträgt -0,986, zwischen NPR und Diffusionswiderstand des Blattes -0,997, zwischen dem Hartlaubcharakter und der Dunkelatmungsrate des Blattes +0,977. Investigations on the light compensation points of grapevinesThe rates of photosynthesis of Vitis riparia, V . rupestris and the V. vinifera cvs. Müller-Thurgau and Riesling were measured, using 7 degrees of light intensity between 40 000 lx and 50 lx. Basing upon this, the compensation points, rates of dark respiration and increase of curves of assimilation were calculated by statistical methods. Furthermore, the diffusive resistance of the leaf and characteristics of the leaf structure were determined. ·At high light intensity (38 400 lx), V. rupestris shows with 7.25 mg CO2/dm2 · h a high net photosynthesis rate and V. riparia with 3.96 mg CO2 /dm2 · h a low one. Those of Müller-Thurgau (6.48 mg CO2  /dm2 · h) and of Riesling (6.50 mg CO2 /dm2 · h) range between the mentioned extreme values.No differences in the net photosynthesis rate appear between the genotypes with a light intensity of 4 000 lx.The light compensation point for Riesling is highest with 750 lx and lowest for V. riparia with 450 lx.The highest rate of dark respiration was found with 0.40 mg CO2 /dm2 · h for Riesling, the lowest with 0.21 mg CO2 /dm2 · h for V. riparia.It could be stated that V . riparia shows the highest leaf diffusive resistance not only at low light intensity but also at high light intensity.The correlation coefficient between net photosynthesis rate and surface development of leaf is -0.986, b etween net photosynthesis rate and diffusive resistance of leaf -0.997, and between xeromorphic leaf structure and rate of dark respiration of leaf +0.977

The cross section minima in elastic Nd scattering: a ``smoking gun'' for three nucleon force effects

Neutron-deuteron elastic scattering cross sections are calculated at different energies using modern nucleon-nucleon interactions and the Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force adjusted to the triton binding energy. Predictions based on NN forces only underestimate nucleon-deuteron data in the minima at higher energies starting around 60 MeV. Adding the three-nucleon forces fills up those minima and reduces the discrepancies significantly.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Protecting the conformal symmetry via bulk renormalization on Anti deSitter space

The problem of perturbative breakdown of conformal symmetry can be avoided, if a conformally covariant quantum field phi on d-dimensional Minkowski spacetime is viewed as the boundary limit of a quantum field Phi on d+1-dimensional anti-deSitter spacetime (AdS). We study the boundary limit in renormalized perturbation theory with polynomial interactions in AdS, and point out the differences as compared to renormalization directly on the boundary. In particular, provided the limit exists, there is no conformal anomaly. We compute explicitly the "fish diagram" on AdS_4 by differential renormalization, and calculate the anomalous dimension of the composite boundary field phi^2 with bulk interaction Phi^4.Comment: 40 page

Complex Calogero model with real energies

We show that and how PT symmetry (interpreted as a "weakened Hermiticity") can be extended to the exactly solvable two- and three-particle Calogero model.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, submitted to J. Phys.

Quantum Calogero-Moser Models: Integrability for all Root Systems

The issues related to the integrability of quantum Calogero-Moser models based on any root systems are addressed. For the models with degenerate potentials, i.e. the rational with/without the harmonic confining force, the hyperbolic and the trigonometric, we demonstrate the following for all the root systems: (i) Construction of a complete set of quantum conserved quantities in terms of a total sum of the Lax matrix (L), i.e. (\sum_{\mu,\nu\in{\cal R}}(L^n)_{\mu\nu}), in which ({\cal R}) is a representation space of the Coxeter group. (ii) Proof of Liouville integrability. (iii) Triangularity of the quantum Hamiltonian and the entire discrete spectrum. Generalised Jack polynomials are defined for all root systems as unique eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian. (iv) Equivalence of the Lax operator and the Dunkl operator. (v) Algebraic construction of all excited states in terms of creation operators. These are mainly generalisations of the results known for the models based on the (A) series, i.e. (su(N)) type, root systems.Comment: 45 pages, LaTeX2e, no figure

PT symmetric models in more dimensions and solvable square-well versions of their angular Schroedinger equations

For any central potential V in D dimensions, the angular Schroedinger equation remains the same and defines the so called hyperspherical harmonics. For non-central models, the situation is more complicated. We contemplate two examples in the plane: (1) the partial differential Calogero's three-body model (without centre of mass and with an impenetrable core in the two-body interaction), and (2) the Smorodinsky-Winternitz' superintegrable harmonic oscillator (with one or two impenetrable barriers). These examples are solvable due to the presence of the barriers. We contemplate a small complex shift of the angle. This creates a problem: the barriers become "translucent" and the angular potentials cease to be solvable, having the sextuple-well form for Calogero model and the quadruple or double well form otherwise. We mimic the effect of these potentials on the spectrum by the multiple, purely imaginary square wells and tabulate and discuss the result in the first nontrivial double-well case.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures (see version 1), amendment (a single comment added on p. 7

On the broken gauge, conformal and discrete symmetries in particle physics

Relationships between gauge, conformal and discrete symmetries in particle physics are analysed. We study also the effect of the electroweak mixing on the cancellation of SU(2) anomalous actions. It is shown that the relation theta_{W} = 2(theta_{12}+theta_{23}+theta_{13}) between the Weinberg angle and the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angles should be satisfied and this effect is completely defined by the mixing of Dirac fermions. We compare two mechanisms of the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry, discuss the renormalizability of theories, and argue for the existence of the Majorana fermions necessary to remove the SU(2) anomalous action. The fate of the majoron and the spontaneously broken lepton number is discussed. We also show the compatibility of the boson and fermion mixings with Dyson-Schwinger equations.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX style; v2: published version, two figures adde

Timelike surfaces in Lorentz covariant loop gravity and spin foam models

We construct a canonical formulation of general relativity for the case of a timelike foliation of spacetime. The formulation possesses explicit covariance with respect to Lorentz transformations in the tangent space. Applying the loop approach to quantize the theory we derive the spectrum of the area operator of a two-dimensional surface. Its different branches are naturally associated to spacelike and timelike surfaces. The results are compared with the predictions of Lorentzian spin foam models. A restriction of the representations labeling spin networks leads to perfect agreement between the states as well as the area spectra in the two approaches.Comment: a wrong sign corrected in equation (65

Особенности формирования структуры ЗТВ и зон оплавления покрытия на основе стали 10Р6М5 электронным лучом в вакууме

Особенности формирования структуры в зоне оплавления и зоне термического влияния композиционного покрытия на основе стали 10Р6М5 в ходе вакуумного импульсного электронного воздействияEigenschaften der Strukturbildung in der Schmelzzone und die Warmeeinflu?zone, auf der Grundlage der Warme einflus sverbundbeschichtung 10Р6M5 Stahl wahrend der Vakuumbelichtungsgepulster Elektronenstrah