3,282 research outputs found
The Impact of a Regulatory Intervention on Resident-Centered Nursing Home Care: Rhode Island's Individualized Care Pilot
Evaluates a pilot project to promote resident-centered care through activities integrated with recertification inspections, including visits from a nonregulatory entity, and its impact on understanding, consideration, and implementation of practices
The Supreme Court, CAFA, and \u3cem\u3eParens Patriae\u3c/em\u3e Actions: Will it be Principles or Biases?
The Supreme Court will hear a case during its 2013-2014 term that will test the principles of both its conservative and liberal wings. In Mississippi ex rel. Hood v. AU Optronics Corp., Justices from each wing of the Court will be forced to choose between the modes of statutory interpretation they usually have favored in the past and their previously displayed pro-business or anti-business predispositions. The issue is whether the defendant-manufacturers can remove an action brought by a state attorney general suing as parens patriae to federal court. Beginning with their actions against tobacco manufacturers in the mid-1990s, state attorneys general often sued as parens patriae in litigation of nationwide significance. In Hood, the Supreme Court considers whether mass plaintiffsâ attorneys, by partnering with state attorneys general in parens patriae actions, will be able to circumvent the requirements of the Class Action Fairness Act that allow defendants to remove class actions and other forms of mass actions to the typically more defendant-friendly confines of federal courts. Resolution will turn on the Courtâs interpretation of the statutory term âmass action.â A textualist interpretation, usually favored by Justice Scalia and his conservative colleagues, would not allow such removalâa decidedly anti-business result. At the same time, a purposive approach to interpreting the statutory provision, promoted by Justice Breyer, possibly would allow such removal. For each group of Justices, the conflict is clear: Will they follow their previously articulated principles of statutory interpretation or their ideological biases
A Case Study in the Superiority of the Purposive Approach to Statutory Interpretation: \u3cem\u3e Bruesewitz v. Wyeth \u3c/em\u3e
This Article uses the Supreme Courtâs 2011 decision in Bruesewitz v. Wyeth to examine the textualist or âplain meaningâ approach to statutory interpretation. For more than a quarter-century, Justice Scalia has successfully promoted textualism, usually associated with conservatism, among his colleagues. In Bruesewitz, Scalia, writing for the majority, and his liberal colleague Justice Sotomayer, in dissent, both employed textualism to determine if the plaintiffs, whose child was allegedly harmed by a vaccine, could pursue common-law tort claims or whether their remedies were limited to those available under the no-fault compensation system established by the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act. Despite these Justicesâ common approach to statutory interpretation, they reached diametrically opposite conclusions in opinions that dissected the statutory language and quarreled over the meaning of âeven thoughâ and âifâ clauses. In contrast, Justice Breyer employed a purposive or âpurposes and objectivesâ approach to statutory interpretation. Rather than obsessing over the meaning of each and every phrase, Breyer looked at Congressâs goals in passing the Act. He recognized that Scaliaâs conclusion was correct, not because of the supposedly âplainâ meaning of specific language, but because this interpretation was the only one that enabled the alternative compensation system to function as Congress envisioned. Other scholars have analyzed Bruesewitz as a preemption case, but despite statutory interpretationâs inherently decisive role in express preemption cases, this is the first Article to highlight Bruesewitz as an illustration of the emptiness of textualism
The Death of the Common Law: Judicial Abdication and Contributory Negligence in Maryland
The issue of how to handle a victimâs own contributory negligence that combines with the negligence of a tortfeasor in causing harm is one of the most important, if not the most important, issue in all of tort law. Forty-six states now apply some version of comparative fault that holds the defendant liable for its negligence even when the plaintiff is also careless, but reduces the award in proportion to the plaintiffâs degree of fault when compared with that of the defendant. In contrast, the Maryland Court of Appeals in Coleman v. Soccer Association of Columbia recently refused again to overturn the antiquated, judge-made doctrine of contributory negligence that totally bars plaintiffâs recovery. A majority of the courtâs members explicitly acknowledged that comparative fault is both âmore equitableâ and âmore socially desirableâ than contributory negligence. It also parroted the conclusion that it had the authority to overturn outmoded doctrines and praised the âdynamismâ of the common law. However, the court refused to overturn contributory negligence because the legislature had repeatedly failed to do so. In this article, I critique the courtâs opinion, its own understanding of its role as the stateâs highest common law court, and its treatment of the legislatureâs failure to modify the common law. I conclude that the court misunderstood its role and abdicated its judicial responsibility
Technological Triggers to Tort Revolutions: Steam Locomotives, Autonomous Vehicles, and Accident Compensation
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