Long-Time Asymptotics of Perturbed Finite-Gap Korteweg-de Vries Solutions

We apply the method of nonlinear steepest descent to compute the long-time asymptotics of solutions of the Korteweg--de Vries equation which are decaying perturbations of a quasi-periodic finite-gap background solution. We compute a nonlinear dispersion relation and show that the $x/t$ plane splits into $g+1$ soliton regions which are interlaced by $g+1$ oscillatory regions, where $g+1$ is the number of spectral gaps. In the soliton regions the solution is asymptotically given by a number of solitons travelling on top of finite-gap solutions which are in the same isospectral class as the background solution. In the oscillatory region the solution can be described by a modulated finite-gap solution plus a decaying dispersive tail. The modulation is given by phase transition on the isospectral torus and is, together with the dispersive tail, explicitly characterized in terms of Abelian integrals on the underlying hyperelliptic curve.Comment: 45 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0705.034

Laser acceleration of ion beams

We consider methods of charged particle acceleration by means of high-intensity lasers. As an application we discuss a laser booster for heavy ion beams provided, e.g. by the Dubna nuclotron. Simple estimates show that a cascade of crossed laser beams would be necessary to provide additional acceleration to gold ions of the order of GeV/nucleon.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Talk at the Helmholtz International Summer School "Dense Matter in heavy Ion Collisions and Astrophysics", August 21 - September 1, 2006, JINR Dubna, Russia; v2, misprints correcte

Коморбидность у больных лобулярным панникулитом-липодерматосклерозом

Lipodermatosclerosis (LDS) is one of the variants of lobular panniculitis. The onset of LDS falls on the age of 50–60 years, when many patients already have comorbid pathology requiring complex therapy, which affects the course, the choice of treatment and prognosis of LDS, as well as the quality of life.Objective: to study the structure and frequency of comorbid conditions in patients with LDS.Patients and methods. 53 patients (3 men and 50 women), 18–80 years old, with a verified diagnosis of LDS were included, all of them had an average follow up of 10 years (they were observed in the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology). The duration of the disease ranged from 2 weeks to 20 years. During clinical examination, the localization, prevalence, color and number of affected skin areas and sub cutaneous fat were determined. The intensity of pain on palpation of the node was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Laboratory and instrumental research included: blood and urine tests, computed tomography of the chest and ultrasound Doppler of the lower extremities with registration of the linear blood flow velocity in the affected veins (femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, foot veins). Clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination of patients was carried out 2 times a year. The CIRS and Charlson indices were used to assess the relationship between comorbid pathology and LDS.Results and discussion. Most patients (60.3%) were women with increased body weight (91.5±21.8 kg). Depending on the duration of the disease, the main variants of the LDS course were: acute (<3 months), subacute (3–6 months), and chronic (>6 months). Skin changes were associated with polyarthralgia (34%) and/or myalgia (22.6%), mainly on the side of the affected limb. In 16 patients, an increase in ESR, on average 23.8±7.8 mm per hour, was detected, in 7 patients, including 4 with an acute course of LDS, – more than a threefold increase in the level of CRP. No comorbid diseases had 17 patients, 64.7% of them were under 50 years and had an acute course of LDS (p=0.02). In 68% of patients, mainly with chronic LDS, the following concomitant diseases was recorded: chronic venous insufficiency (CVI; in 67.9%); exogenous constitutional obesity (in 60.3%); rheumatic diseases (45.2%), including osteoarthritis (75%), rheumatoid arthritis (17%), antiphospholipid syndrome (8%), and arterial hypertension (39.6%). Most patients had 1 concomitant disease, and almost one fifth of patients had 2 concomitant diseases. The proportion of patients with 3 comorbid pathologies was 11.1%, with 4 – 8.3% and with 5 – 5.5%. When assessing the Charlson index, a 10-year survival rate of >90% (index values from 0 to 2 points) was observed in 66% of patients, 53–77% (3–4 points) – in 26.4% and <21% (≥5 points) – in 7.5%. There was correlation between the comorbidity index and the age of patients (r=0.8, p<0.05); no association with the duration of LDS was found (r=0.3, p=0.2). Patients over 61 years had ≥1 comorbid disease. The average CIRS index for this group was 4.2±0.3 points (0–10), in most patients (45.2%) it was <5 points. Analysis of the Charlson and CIRS scales confirmed their statistically significant relationship (r=0.5, p=0.0000001).Conclusion. In patients with LDS, a high incidence of comorbid pathology was noted. Interdisciplinary approach with interaction between doctors of different specialties is required for treatment of these patients.Липодерматосклероз (ЛДС) – один из вариантов лобулярного панникулита. Дебют ЛДС приходится на возраст 50–60 лет, когда у многих пациентов уже имеется коморбидная патология, требующая комплексной терапии, что оказывает влияние на течение, выбор тактики лечения и прогноз ЛДС, а также на качество жизни.Цель исследования – изучение структуры и частоты коморбидных состояний у пациентов с ЛДС.Пациенты и методы. Обследовано 53 пациента (3 мужчин и 50 женщин) 18–80 лет с верифицированным диагнозом ЛДС, наблюдавшихся в ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой» в среднем 10 лет. Продолжительность заболевания варьировалась от 2 нед до 20 лет. При клиническом обследовании определяли локализацию, распространенность, окраску и количество пораженных участков кожи и подкожной жировой клетчатки. Интенсивность боли при пальпации узла оценивали по визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ). Лабораторно-инструментальное исследование включало: анализы крови и мочи, компьютерную томографию органов грудной клетки и ультразвуковую допплерографию нижних конечностей с регистрацией линейной скорости кровотока в заинтересованных венах (бедренных, подколенных, задних большеберцовых, стопы). Клиническое, лабораторное и инструментальное обследование больных осуществляли 2 раза в год. Для оценки взаимосвязи коморбидной патологией с течением ЛДС использовали индексы CIRS и Charlson.Результаты и обсуждение. Среди пациентов преобладали женщины (60,3%) с повышенной массой тела (91,5±21,8 кг). В зависимости от длительности заболевания были выделены основные варианты течения ЛДС: острое (<3 мес), подострое (3–6 мес) и хроническое (>6 мес). Изменения кожи ассоциировалось с полиартралгиями (34%) и/или миалгиями (22,6%), преимущественно на стороне пораженной конечности. У 16 пациентов зарегистрировано повышение СОЭ в среднем до 23,8±7,8 мм/ч, у 7 больных в (том числе у 4 с острым течением ЛДС) – более чем трехкратное увеличение уровня СРБ. У 17 пациентов коморбидных заболеваний не выявлено, 64,7% из них были моложе 50 лет и имели острое течение ЛДС (р=0,02). У 68% больных, преимущественно с хроническим течением ЛДС, зафиксирована следующая сопутствующая патология: хроническая венозная недостаточность (ХВН; у 67,9%), экзогенно-конституциональное ожирение (у 60,3%); ревматические заболевания (у 45,2%), в том числе остеоартрит (у 75%), ревматоидный артрит (у 17%), антифосфолипидный синдром (у 8%), а также артериальная гипертензия (у 39,6%). У большинства пациентов имелось 1 сопутствующее заболевание, практически у пятой части – 2. Доля пациентов с 3 коморбидными патологиями составила 11,1%, с 4 – 8,3% и 5 – 5,5%. При оценке индекса Charlson показатель 10-летней выживаемости >90% (значения индекса от 0 до 2 баллов) отмечен у 66% больных, 53–77% (3–4 балла) – у 26,4% и <21% (≥5 баллов) – у 7,5%. Обнаружена взаимосвязь индекса коморбидности с возрастом пациентов (r=0,8, p<0,05), ассоциации с продолжительностью ЛДС не установлено (r=0,3, p=0,2). У больных старше 61 года зафиксировано ≥1 коморбидное состояние. Индекс CIRS для данной группы составлял в среднем 4,2±0,3 балла (0–10), у большинства больных (45,2%) он был <5 баллов. При анализе шкал Charlson и CIRS подтверждена их статистически значимая связь (r=0,5, р=0,0000001).Заключение. У больных ЛДС отмечена высокая частота коморбидной патологии. Курация больных требует междисциплинарного подхода и взаимодействия между врачами разных специальностей

On the Cauchy Problem for the Korteweg-de Vries Equation with Steplike Finite-Gap Initial Data I. Schwartz-Type Perturbations

We solve the Cauchy problem for the Korteweg-de Vries equation with initial conditions which are steplike Schwartz-type perturbations of finite-gap potentials under the assumption that the respective spectral bands either coincide or are disjoint.Comment: 29 page

The observation of long-range three-body Coloumb effects in the decay of 16Ne

The interaction of an $E/A$=57.6-MeV $^{17}$Ne beam with a Be target was used to populate levels in $^{16}$Ne following neutron knockout reactions. The decay of $^{16}$Ne states into the three-body $^{14}$O+$p$+$p$ continuum was observed in the High Resolution Array (HiRA). For the first time for a 2p emitter, correlations between the momenta of the three decay products were measured with sufficient resolution and statistics to allow for an unambiguous demonstration of their dependence on the long-range nature of the Coulomb interaction. Contrary to previous experiments, the intrinsic decay width of the $^{16}$Ne ground state was found to be narrow ($\Gamma<60$~keV), consistent with theoretical estimates.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Complex assessment of narrow-leaved lupine (<i>Lupinus angustifolius</i> L.) accessions from the VIR collection in Belarus

Fifty narrow-leaved lupine accessions of various origin from the VIR collection were studied in Minsk District, Republic of Belarus, and described by a set of morphobiological, biochemical and molecular-genetic characters. According to the results of field and laboratory studies, 10 promising accessions were selected. They are recommended for use in regional breeding programs and included in the working collection of the Belarusian State University

Cosmic Rays: The Second Knee and Beyond

We conduct a review of experimental results on Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR's) including measurements of the features of the spectrum, the composition of the primary particle flux and the search for anisotropy in event arrival direction. We find that while there is a general consensus on the features in the spectrum -- the Second Knee, the Ankle, and (to a lesser extent) the GZK Cutoff -- there is little consensus on the composition of the primaries that accompany these features. This lack of consensus on the composition makes interpretation of the agreed upon features problematic. There is also little direct evidence about potential sources of UHECRs, as early reports of arrival direction anisotropies have not been confirmed in independent measurements.Comment: 46 pages, 30 figures. Topical Review to appear in J. Physics

Enhancement of Raman light scattering in dye-labeled cell membrane on metal-containing conducting polymer film

An enhanced Raman spectroscopy method based on a plasmon resonance in ultrathin metal-containing LB-film deposited on nanoporous anodic alumina supports has been proposed. This material has been utilized to enhance Raman scattering of light in fluorescent-labeled subcellular membrane structures. It has been shown that the plasmon resonance between vibrational modes of the organometallic complexes monolayers and dye-labeled subcellular structures happens. It makes possible to detect interactions between living cell monolayers and an extracellular matrix

Real-time observation of multiexcitonic states in ultrafast singlet fission using coherent 2D electronic spectroscopy.

Singlet fission is the spin-allowed conversion of a spin-singlet exciton into a pair of spin-triplet excitons residing on neighbouring molecules. To rationalize this phenomenon, a multiexcitonic spin-zero triplet-pair state has been hypothesized as an intermediate in singlet fission. However, the nature of the intermediate states and the underlying mechanism of ultrafast fission have not been elucidated experimentally. Here, we study a series of pentacene derivatives using ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and unravel the origin of the states involved in fission. Our data reveal the crucial role of vibrational degrees of freedom coupled to electronic excitations that facilitate the mixing of multiexcitonic states with singlet excitons. The resulting manifold of vibronic states drives sub-100 fs fission with unity efficiency. Our results provide a framework for understanding singlet fission and show how the formation of vibronic manifolds with a high density of states facilitates fast and efficient electronic processes in molecular systems.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.237