Protein folding and the robustness of cells

The intricate intracellular infrastructure of all known life forms is based on proteins. The folded shape of a protein determines both the protein’s function and the set of molecules it will bind to. This tight coupling between a protein’s function and its interconnections in the molecular interaction network has consequences for the molecular course of evolution. It is also counter to human engineering approaches. Here we report on a simulation study investigating the impact of random errors in an abstract metabolic network of 500 enzymes. Tight coupling between function and interconnectivity of nodes is compared to the case where these two properties are independent. Our results show that the model system under consideration is more robust if function and interconnection are intertwined. These findings are discussed in the context of nanosystems engineering

Hawke's Bay Regional Alerting Systems Review

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Motivasi Wisatawan Mengunjungi Taman Nasional Komodo, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Taman Nasional Komodo menawarkan wisata minat khusus (SIT) yaitu ekowisata, dimana wisatawan dapat melihat langsung keindahan alam Labuan Bajo, Flores dan habitat salah satu hewan reptil terbesar yang sudah langka yaitu komodo. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor apa saja yang menjadi faktor pendorong serta penarik motivasi wisatawan domestik dan mancanegara dalam memilih Taman Nasional Komodo di Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur sebagai destinasi wisatanya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah eksploratif dengan teknik analisa faktor sebagai teknik untuk menganalisa data. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa terdapat 3 faktor pendorong (push factor) yakni ‘pembangunan sebuah hubungan\u27 yang merupakan faktor paling dominan, ‘memelajari dan mengalami sebuah petualangan yang baru\u27, ‘keluar dari rutinitas sehari-hari\u27, serta 4 faktor penarik (pull factor) baru yakni ‘ketertarikan terhadap daya tarik lokal\u27 yang merupakan faktor yang paling dominan, ‘kemudahan mendapatkan informasi dan transportasi\u27, ‘pesona alam\u27, ‘daya tarik khusus turis\u27.Komodo National Park offers a kind of special interest tourism, which is ecotourism whereas tourist\u27 would be able to directly see the beautiful natural scenery of Labuan Bajo, Flores and the habitat of one of the largest rare reptile animals namely komodo. This study was conducted to examine what are the travelers\u27 motivations to choose Komodo National Park in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara as their destination. The research method is explorative with factor analysis as the technique to analyze the data. The result revealed that there are three push factors, namely \u27building relationship\u27 which is the most dominant factor, \u27novelty in challenges and adventure achievement\u27, \u27escape from routine\u27; and 4 pull factors which are \u27local attraction\u27 which is the most dominant factor, \u27accessibility of information and transportation\u27, \u27natural resources\u27, \u27key tourist resources\u27

Electron doping evolution of the magnetic excitations in NaFe1−x_{1-x}Cox_xAs

We use time-of-flight (ToF) inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectroscopy to investigate the doping dependence of magnetic excitations across the phase diagram of NaFe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$As with $x=0, 0.0175, 0.0215, 0.05,$ and $0.11$. The effect of electron-doping by partially substituting Fe by Co is to form resonances that couple with superconductivity, broaden and suppress low energy ($E\le 80$ meV) spin excitations compared with spin waves in undoped NaFeAs. However, high energy ($E> 80$ meV) spin excitations are weakly Co-doping dependent. Integration of the local spin dynamic susceptibility $\chi^{\prime\prime}(\omega)$ of NaFe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$As reveals a total fluctuating moment of 3.6 $\mu_B^2$/Fe and a small but systematic reduction with electron doping. The presence of a large spin gap in the Co-overdoped nonsuperconducting NaFe$_{0.89}$Co$_{0.11}$As suggests that Fermi surface nesting is responsible for low-energy spin excitations. These results parallel Ni-doping evolution of spin excitations in BaFe$_{2-x}$Ni$_x$As$_2$, confirming the notion that low-energy spin excitations coupling with itinerant electrons are important for superconductivity, while weakly doping dependent high-energy spin excitations result from localized moments.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figure