1,341 research outputs found
Color, Spin and Flavor Diffusion in Quark-Gluon Plasmas
In weakly interacting quark-gluon plasmas diffusion of color is found to be
much slower than the diffusion of spin and flavor because color is easily
exchanged by the gluons in the very singular forward scattering processes. If
the infrared divergence is cut off by a magnetic mass, ,
the color diffusion is , a
factor smaller than spin and flavor diffusion. A similar effect is
expected in electroweak plasmas above due to exchanges. The color
conductivity in quark-gluon plasmas and the electrical conductivity in
electroweak plasmas are correspondingly small in relativistic heavy ion
collisions and the very early universe.Comment: 5 pages, no figure
Tkachenko modes of vortex lattices in rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates
We calculate the in-plane modes of the vortex lattice in a rotating Bose
condensate from the Thomas-Fermi to the mean-field quantum Hall regimes. The
Tkachenko mode frequency goes from linear in the wavevector, , for lattice
rotational velocities, , much smaller than the lowest sound wave
frequency in a finite system, to quadratic in in the opposite limit. The
system also supports an inertial mode of frequency . The
calculated frequencies are in good agreement with recent observations of
Tkachenko modes at JILA, and provide evidence for the decrease in the shear
modulus of the vortex lattice at rapid rotation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Bose-Einstein Condensation Temperature of a Homogeneous Weakly Interacting Bose Gas : PIMC study
Using a finite-temperature Path Integral Monte Carlo simulation (PIMC) method
and finite-size scaling, we have investigated the interaction-induced shift of
the phase transition temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation of homogeneous
weakly interacting Bose gases in three dimensions, which is given by a proposed
analytical expression , where
is the critical temperature for an ideal gas, is the s-wave
scattering length, and is the number density. We have used smaller number
densities and more time slices than in the previous PIMC simulations [Gruter
{\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 79}, 3549 (1997)] in order to understand
the difference in the value of the coefficient between their results
and the (apparently) other reliable results in the literature. Our results show
that depends strongly on the
interaction strength while the previous PIMC results are
considerably flatter and smaller than our results. We obtain = 1.32
0.14, in agreement with results from recent Monte Carlo methods of
three-dimensional O(2) scalar field theory and variational
perturbation theory
Viscosities of Quark-Gluon Plasmas
The quark and gluon viscosities are calculated in quark-gluon plasmas to
leading orders in the coupling constant by including screening. For weakly
interaction QCD and QED plasmas dynamical screening of transverse interactions
and Debye screening of longitudinal interactions controls the infrared
divergences. For strongly interacting plasmas other screening mechanisms taken
from lattice calculations are employed. By solving the Boltzmann equation for
quarks and gluons including screening the viscosity is calculated to leading
orders in the coupling constant. The leading logarithmic order is calculated
exactly by a full variational treatment. The next to leading orders are found
to be very important for sizable coupling constants as those relevant for the
transport properties relevant for quark-gluon plasmas created in relativistic
heavy ion collisions and the early universe.Comment: 12 pages + 6 figures, report LBL-3492
Critical Current Peaks at in Superconductors with Columnar Defects: Recrystalizing the Interstitial Glass
The role of commensurability and the interplay of correlated disorder and
interactions on vortex dynamics in the presence of columnar pins is studied via
molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations of dynamics reveal substantial
caging effects and a non-monotonic dependence of the critical current with
enhancements near integer values of the matching field and
in agreement with experiments on the cuprates. We find qualitative
differences in the phase diagram for small and large values of the matching
field.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures (3 color
Decay of polarons and molecules in a strongly polarized Fermi gas
The ground state of an impurity immersed in a Fermi sea changes from a
polaron to a molecule as the interaction strength is increased.
We show here that the coupling between these two states is strongly
suppressed due to a combination of phase space effects and Fermi statistics,
and that it vanishes much faster than the energy difference between the two
states, thereby confirming the first order nature of the polaron-molecule
transition. In the regime where each state is metastable, we find quasiparticle
lifetimes which are much longer than what is expected for a usual Fermi liquid.
Our analysis indicates that the decay rates are sufficiently slow to be
experimentally observable.Comment: Version accepted in PRL. Added discussion of three-body losses to
deeply bound molecular state
Viscosity and Thermal Relaxation for a resonantly interacting Fermi gas
The viscous and thermal relaxation rates of an interacting fermion gas are
calculated as functions of temperature and scattering length, using a many-body
scattering matrix which incorporates medium effects due to Fermi blocking of
intermediate states. These effects are demonstrated to be large close to the
transition temperature to the superfluid state. For a homogeneous gas in
the unitarity limit, the relaxation rates are increased by nearly an order of
magnitude compared to their value obtained in the absence of medium effects due
to the Cooper instability at . For trapped gases the corresponding ratio
is found to be about three due to the averaging over the inhomogeneous density
distribution. The effect of superfluidity below is considered to leading
order in the ratio between the energy gap and the transition temperature.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Two-particle renormalizations in many-fermion perturbation theory: Importance of the Ward identity
We analyze two-particle renormalizations within many-fermion perturbation
expansion. We show that present diagrammatic theories suffer from lack of a
direct diagrammatic control over the physical two-particle functions. To
rectify this we introduce and prove a Ward identity enabling an explicit
construction of the self-energy from a given two-particle irreducible vertex.
Approximations constructed in this way are causal, obey conservation laws and
offer an explicit diagrammatic control of singularities in dynamical
two-particle functions.Comment: REVTeX4, 4 pages, 2 EPS figure
Single-particle and collective excitations in a charged Bose gas at finite temperature
The main focus of this work is on the predictions made by the dielectric
formalism in regard to the relationship between single-particle and collective
excitation spectra in a gas of point-like charged bosons at finite temperature
below the critical region of Bose-Einstein condensation. Illustrative
numerical results at weak coupling () are presented within the Random
Phase Approximation. We show that within this approach the single-particle
spectrum forms a continuum extending from the transverse to the longitudinal
plasma mode frequency and leading to a double-peak structure as increases,
whereas the density fluctuation spectrum consists of a single broadening peak.
We also discuss the momentum distribution and the superfluidity of the gas.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Shear viscosity of neutron matter from realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions
The calculation of transport properties of Fermi liquids, based on the
formalism developed by Abrikosov and Khalatnikov, requires the knowledge of the
probability of collisions between quasiparticles in the vicinity of the Fermi
surface. We have carried out a numerical study of the shear viscosity of pure
neutron matter, whose value plays a pivotal role in determining the stability
of rotating neutron stars, in which these processes are described using a
state-of-the-art nucleon-nucleon potential model. Within our approach medium
modifications of the scattering cross section are consistently taken into
account, through an effective interaction obtained from the matrix elements of
the bare interaction between correlated states. Inclusion of medium effects
lead to a large increase of the viscosity at densities larger than
fm^{-3}.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Corrected typo
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