Ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants used by sugalis of yerramalais in kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India

In India, the use of different parts of several medicinal plants to cure specific ailments has been practiced since ancient times. Ehanobotanical studies were carried out to collect information on the use of medicinal plants by the tribal community (Sugalis) who live in the forests of Yerramalais of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The present paper deals with identification of 40 medicinal plants, with local names used by Sugalis for different diseases. The information about different types of medicinal plants used by them for various diseases recorded orally by interviewing the elders, Vaidyas (doctors) of that tribe by visiting their habitats called Thandas. Collected plants are stored in the Departmental Herbarium of Osmania College, Kurnool. Most of the medicinal plants are taken in as roots, tubers, stem and leaves, are taken orally with or without combination of other plants, external applications like paste, fumigation. Most of plants used by them are Herbs (42%), shrubs (20%), Trees (33%).and Climbers (5%) The most striking feature of tribal life is their simplicity. The forest is able to provide them with everything. Professionally they are peasants, food-gatherers, hunters, small farmers, and, nomads. Sugalis use medicinal plants mainly for viral fevers, skin deceases, snake & scorpion bites and stomach problems. It is observed that the urban educated people are more aware of good effects of herbal medicine over allopathic medicine than the rural people. Due to the degraded forests and depleted resources, they are migrating to urban areas for livelihood. So there is a danger of losing knowledge of medicinal plants for human welfare. Hence there is an urgent need to document and popularize the value of herbal medicine among the rural people through Vana Samrakhak Samithi and other agencies.Keywords: Ehanobotany, Sugalis, Thandas, Yerramalais, Easteren ghats

Ethnobotanical studies on medicinal plants used by sugalis of yerramalais in kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India

In India, the use of different parts of several medicinal plants to cure specific ailments has been practiced since ancient times. Ehanobotanical studies were carried out to collect information on the use of medicinal plants by the tribal community (Sugalis) who live in the forests of Yerramalais of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The present paper deals with identification of 40 medicinal plants, with local names used by Sugalis for different diseases. The information about different types of medicinal plants used by them for various diseases recorded orally by interviewing the elders, Vaidyas (doctors) of that tribe by visiting their habitats called Thandas. Collected plants are stored in the Departmental Herbarium of Osmania College, Kurnool. Most of the medicinal plants are taken in as roots, tubers, stem and leaves, are taken orally with or without combination of other plants, external applications like paste, fumigation. Most of plants used by them are Herbs (42%), shrubs (20%), Trees (33%).and Climbers (5%) The most striking feature of tribal life is their simplicity. The forest is able to provide them with everything. Professionally they are peasants, food-gatherers, hunters, small farmers, and, nomads. Sugalis use medicinal plants mainly for viral fevers, skin deceases, snake & scorpion bites and stomach problems. It is observed that the urban educated people are more aware of good effects of herbal medicine over allopathic medicine than the rural people. Due to the degraded forests and depleted resources, they are migrating to urban areas for livelihood. So there is a danger of losing knowledge of medicinal plants for human welfare. Hence there is an urgent need to document and popularize the value of herbal medicine among the rural people through Vana Samrakhak Samithi and other agencies.Keywords: Ehanobotany, Sugalis, Thandas, Yerramalais, Easteren ghats

Comparative analysis of outcome of displaced middle third clavicle fractures in patients treated with plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing

INTRODUCTION: The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone, which accounts for 5–10% of all fractures.More than half of these fractures are displaced. Traditionally clavicle fractures are treated non operatively. But recent studies show higher rates of non union upto 15% and unsatisfactory functional outcomes despite fracture union with conservative management. Operative management of these fractures had better outcomes and a lower rate of non union and symptomatic mal union when compared with non operative treatment. Commonly either plating or nailing is done for middle third clavicle fractures. It is imperative to know the complications and outcomes with both these procedures. AIM: The aim of our study is comparative analysis of outcome of displaced middle third clavicle fractures in patients treated with plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study undertaken in the department of orthopaedics, Coimbatore medical college hospital, Coimbatore from May 2011 to October 2013.Within the period of study,20 patients with displaced middle third clavicle fractures were operated alternatively with plating nailing(titanium elastic nail).We had 11 patients who were operated with plating (6-RECONSTRUCTION plate and 5- PRECONTOURED CLAVICLE PLATE) and 9 patients who were operated with nailing(titanium elastic nail).Outcome measures like Blood loss, operative time, wound size, union rate and union time and complications like infection, Non union, implant irritation and shortening were compared between the two groups. Functional outcome was based on Quick DASH score. RESULTS: The mean blood loss in plating group was 97.27 ml and nailing group was 62.22 ml(p<0.05).The mean operative time in plating was 77.27 and in nailing was 61.67(p=0.005).Mean wound size in plating was 7.22 cms and nailing was 4.55 cms (p<0.05).We had 100% union rate in both the groups. The mean time for clinical and radiological union in plating group was 7.9 weeks and 14 weeks whereas in nailing group it was 7.55 weeks and 13 weeks(p=0.40 and p=0.070).We had excellent outcomes in 7 patients (63.63%),good outcome in 3 patients (27.27%) and poor outcome in 1 patient (9.09%) in the plating group whereas in the nailing group we had 6 patients (66.66%) with excellent,3 patients (33.33%) with good outcome. No poor outcome in nailing group. We had superficial infection in 2 patients (18.18%) in plating group and 1 patient (11.11%) in nailing group. Implant irritation occurred in 2 patients (18.18%) in plating and 1 patient (11.11%) in nailing groups. Shortening was 4.5 mm in plating and 4.8 mm in nailing group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that though nailing has advantage over plating during surgery and postoperative period, on long term follow up there is no significant functional difference between plating and nailing for displaced middle third clavicle fractures

Sealing cracks in flexible pavements interim report II - crack dynamics field study

The first interim report on Project 77-02-3. "Sealing Cracks in Flexible Pavements", was submitted to the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT) in February, 1977 (1). This report contained a review of literature on the materials and methods of installation used in sealing flexible pavement cracks. The results of an in-state and surrounding state survey to determine currently used sealing materials and installation procedures and the effectiveness of this type of pavement maintenance were included. The report also suggested a three phase research approach directed to: 1) evaluating and/or developing laboratory test procedures that could be used to predict the field performance of sealant materials; 2) carrying out a field study of crack dynamics and; 3) conducting a field test program to evaluate the effectiveness of various application procedures and sealing materials. The project received additional funding and the second phase of the proposed research, the crack dynamics study, was started in March, 1977. This was a field study of transverse tcrack movements and behavior under varying conditions of load and temperatures. The purpose of the study was to obtain measurements of the relative horizontal and vertical movements of adjecent pavement sections at transverse cracks in the roadwya surface. Such data were considered necessary in order to establish reasonable performance criteria for sealants based on average Oklahoma conditions.Interim reportN

Structural and Electrical Properties of Graphene Oxide-Doped PVA/PVP Blend Nanocomposite Polymer Films

Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were incorporated in PVA/PVP blend polymers for the preparation of nanocomposite polymer films by the solution cast technique. XRD, FTIR, DSC, SEM, and UV-visible studies were performed on the prepared nanocomposite polymer films. XRD revealed the amorphous nature of the prepared films. Thermal analysis of the nanocomposite polymer films was analyzed by DSC. SEM revealed the morphological features and the degree of roughness of the samples. DC conductivity studies were under taken on the samples, and the conductivity was found to be 6.13 × 10−4 S·cm−1 for the polymer film prepared at room temperature. A solid-state battery has been fabricated with the chemical composition of Mg+/(PVA/PVP  :  GO)/(I2 + C + electrolyte), and its cell parameters like power density and current density were calculated

Sealing cracks in flexible pavements interim report III - laboratory tests of asphalt sealants

A survey of literature pertaining to materials and methods of sealing highway pavement cracks indicated a scarcity of information and a lack of standard testing procedures for asphalt pavement crack sealants. Therefore, the proposal for research on "Sealing Cracks in Flexible Pavements" called for evaluating and/or developing a series of laboratory test procedures that could be used to predict a sealant material's ultimate field performance.N

Synthesis of Heteroaryl Urea Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

Azoles are prominent scaffolds in the pharmaceutical arena. In fact, medicinal properties of azole and benzazole containing compounds include anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant. Some of the drugs Inthomycin C, Oxaprozin, Tiazofurin, Dacarbazine, Tipifarnib, Albendazole, Febendazole, Omeprazole possess azole/benzazole moiety. Realizing the importance of azoles and benzazoles, it is planned to conjugate these two ligands as heteroaryl substituted urea derivatives and to study their antimicrobial activity. The results pertaining to these aspects will be discussed. © 2020 Author(s).The authors K. Narendra Babu and V. Padmavathi are grateful to CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), New Delhi for financial assistance under major research project

Sealing cracks in flexible pavements interim report I - flexible pavement crack sealing practices and research approach

In response to a request from the Research Division, a research proposal entitled "Sealing Cracks in Flexible Pavements" was presented to the Oklahoma Department of Transportation in February, 1976. This proposal was for a three year study to begin July 1, 1976. The proposed study was primarily devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of various materials and methods of application for sealing flexible pavement cracks. Secondary objectives of the proposed research included developing crakc survey and monitoring techniques, measuring pavement movements at crack interfaces and establishing criteria for crack sealing operations and the selection of sealants. construction, and performance of the latest methods for restoration of Portland cement concrete pavements (PCCP). The CPR techniques demonstrated included full depth repair, spall repair, undersealing, restoration of load transfer, diamond grinding, and the resealing of all joints. This is the final evaluation of the project.Interim reportN

Assessment of GPS radiosonde descent data

Radiosondes are widely used to obtain basic meteorological parameters such as pressure (<i>P</i>), temperature (<i>T</i>), relative humidity (RH) and horizontal winds during the balloon ascent up to the altitude of balloon burst, usually ~ 32–35 km. Data from the radiosondes released from Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), a tropical station in India, have been collected during the ascent and during the descent as well without attaching any parachute or its equivalent since the year 2008. In the present study an attempt has been made to characterize the radiosonde descent data with the main objective of exploring its usefulness and reliability for scientific purposes. We compared the data obtained during ascent and descent phases of the same sounding. The mean differences in <i>T</i>, RH and horizontal winds between ascent and descent data are found to be small and are sometimes even within the uncertainty of the measurements and/or expected diurnal variation itself. The very good consistency observed between the ascent and the descent data shows that one more profile of the meteorological parameters can be constructed within 3 h of time of balloon launch practically at no additional cost. Further checks are done by utilizing the 3-hourly radiosonde observations collected during the Tropical Tropopause Dynamics campaigns conducted at Gadanki. In the process of checking the consistency between the radiosonde ascent and descent data, several new findings are arrived at and are reported in this study. In general, it has taken more than half an hour for the balloon to reach the ground from the burst altitude. It is also observed that the fall velocity is close to 10 m s⁻¹ near the surface. Finally, it is suggested to record the observations also when the balloon is descending as this information is useful for scientific purposes

Microstrip Line Fed Leaky Wave Antenna with Shorting Vias for Wideband Systems

In this work a complex structured shorted vias microstrip leaky wave antenna is designed and analysed. A Leaky wave antenna is a travelling wave structure with complex propagation constant. When shorting vias are loaded in a periodic structure the fundamental resonant mode shows some stop band characteristics and some of the modes will strongly attenuated. Three different types of iterations are examined in this work with and without defected ground structures. The defected ground structure based leaky wave antennas are showing better performance characteristics with respect to efficiency and phase. A micro strip line feeding with impedance of 50 ohms at both ports are providing excellent impedance matching to the conducting path on the microstrip surface. The shorting vias are suppressing certain higher order frequency bands and providing excellent wide band characteristics with low loss