Academic writing for IT students

This textbook is intended for Master and PhD Information Technology students (B1-C1 level of English proficiency). The instructions of how to write a research paper in English and the relevant exercises are given. The peculiarities of each section of a paper are presented. The exercises are based on real science materials taken from peer-reviewed journals. The subject area covers a wide scope of different Information Technology domains

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПАЦИЕНТАМ С ОСТРЫМ КОРОНАРНЫМ СИНДРОМОМ НА ЭТАПЕ ПРИЕМНОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ КАРДИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ДИСПАНСЕРА

In a typical structure of cardiac hospital in accordance with the regulations do not provide for mandatory presence of an independent emergency department. Given the clinical features of acute coronary syndrome, increase the volume and character of Kemerovo Cardiology Clinic in 2007 organized an independent emergency department. Algorithms verify the diagnosis, screening patients with acute coronary syndrome groups early invasive and conservative treatment strategy, communication between emergency services and cardiology clinic.В типовой структуре кардиологического стационара в соответствии с нормативными документами не предусматривается обязательное наличие самостоятельного приемного отделения. Учитывая клинические особенности острого коронарного синдрома, увеличение объемов и характера работы Кемеровского кардиологического диспансера, в 2007 г. было организовано самостоятельное приемное отделение. Разработаны алгоритмы верификации диагноза, сортировки пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом на группы ранней инвазивной и консервативной тактики лечения, информационное взаимодействие между службой скорой медицинской помощи и кардиологическим диспансером

Structure of air chemical pollution and environmental zoning for health assessment in large industrial centre

The problem of contamination of the lower layer of the atmosphere in Western Siberia remains relevant more than half a century. The territory of the city of Kemerovo, a major industrial center with well-developed coal-chemical complex is an obvious example of antropotechnogenous burden on the environment and the health of the population with its climatic and geographical, weather and economic features. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structure of chemical contamination during 2005-2011 years, their interaction and the allocation of the factors that determine the ecological zoning on the example of the city of Kemerovo to identify the role of chemical pollution on the health of the population. Factor analysis revealed two latentfactors that determine the structuring of chemical pollution of the city of Kemerovo, in accordance with the wind rose and the chemical nature of the contaminants. The research shows the negative influence of chemical pollution on the health of the population of the city of Kemerovo

ОЦЕНКА ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ НАУКОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ КАРДИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ (по данным Российского индекса научного цитирования)

Introduction. Over the recent years the role of scientometrics has been increased in order to assess the productivity and importance of the contribution of both an individual scientist and the entire personnel of a research institution. Therefore bibliometric criteria of publication activity assessment are considered as the tools for improvement the planning and management of research works of research institutions. The purpose. To analyze the dynamics of scientometric indicators of research institutions of cardiological and cardiosurgical profile according to the data of Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). Materials and methods. The source of information was RSCI, Science Index for organizations as of 01 April, 2016. For the present study 6 research institutions of cardiological and cardiosurgical profile were selected among all the organizations registered in RSCI.Results. In general among the studied research institutions the increase in the number of articles since 2010 by 2015 was 3.8%. The highest dynamics of growth in the number of articles was in Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute (SRI) of blood circulation pathology (2.3-fold) and SRI for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (1.8- fold). The number of articles in the journals included into Web of Science и Scopus since 2010 by 2015 increased by 38.6%. Positive dynamics in the number of articles, indexed in the foreign databases, was noted only in the Siberian cardiological research institutions and it was mostly expressed in Novosibirsk SRI of blood circulation pathology (3.5-fold) and SRI for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases (2.6-fold).Conclusion. The dynamics of scienometric indicators of research institutions of cardiological and cardiosurgical profile is characterized by a slight increase in the total number of the published articles, on the one hand, and by a significant increase in the number of articles in the journals, indexed in Web of Science и Scopus, on the other hand. The research institutions of the Siberian region showed an expressed increase in the total volume of publishing flow.Введение. В последние годы отмечается увеличение роли наукометрии с целью оценки продуктивности и значимости вклада как отдельного ученого, так и всего коллектива научного учреждения. Поэтому библиометрические критерии оценки публикационной активности рассматриваются как инструменты совершенствования планирования и управления научно-исследовательской работой научно-исследовательских учреждений (НИУ).Цель исследования. Провести анализ динамики наукометрических показателей НИУ кардиологического и кардиохирургического профиля по данным Российского индекса научного цитирования (РИНЦ).Материал и методы. Источник информации – РИНЦ, Science Index для организаций по состоянию на 01.04.2016 года. Для настоящего исследования из всех организаций, зарегистрированных в РИНЦ, выбраны 6 НИУ кардиологического и кардиохирургического профиля.Результаты. В целом по изучаемым НИУ прирост количества статей с 2010 г. к 2015 г. составил 3,8%. Наиболее высокая динамика роста количества статей отмечена у Новосибирского Научно-исследовательского института (НИИ) патологии кровообращения (в 2,3 раза) и НИИ Комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (в 1,8 раза). Количество статей в журналах, входящих в Web of Science и Scopus, с 2010 г. к 2015 г. увеличилось на 38,6%. Положительная динамика количества статей, индексируемых в зарубежных базах, отмечается только у «сибирских» кардиологических НИУ и наиболее выраженная – в Новосибирском НИИ патологии кровообращения (в 3,5 раза) и НИИ Комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (в 2,6 раза).Заключение. Динамика наукометрических показателей научно-исследовательских учреждений кардиологического и кардиохирургического профиля характеризуется, с одной стороны, незначительным увеличением общего количества опубликованных статей, а с другой стороны – значимым ростом числа статей в журналах, индексируемых в Web of Science и Scopus. В общем объеме публикационного потока выраженный рост показали научно-исследовательские учреждения сибирского региона

ПЕРВИЧНЫЙ И ПОВТОРНЫЙ ИНФАРКТ МИОКАРДА: РАЗЛИЧИЯ В ОТДАЛЕННОЙ ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ

Purpose. To analyze the long-term survival of patients with myocardial infarction (MI), according to its type (primary or recurrent MI), age and gender.Materials and methods. 791 patients with MI admitted to the Kemerovo Cardiology Dispensary in 2006 were included in the study. The follow-up period was 8,5 years. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate the survival rates. A p value of 0,05 is considered statistically significant. The odds ratio (OR) with the 95 % confidence interval was calculated.Results. A total of 791 patients, 565 (71,4 %) of whom were present with primary and 226 (28,6 %) with recurrent MI were included in the study. Overall, 446 (56,3 %) patients died during the follow-up period. The cause of death was known in 365 patients (81,8 %). The major cause of death was circulatory system diseases (88,2 %). The survival rate for seven years in patients with primary MI was 49,8 % and in patients with recurrent MI – 31,5 % (p=0,00001, OR=2,2 [1,5, 3,0]). The risk of death was greatest in the first year after any type of MI; however, the risk of death after recurrent MI increased 2-fold, compared with primary MI. The long-term survival was lower in females than in males (p=0,0065, OR=1,42 [1,07; 1,90]). In case of primary IM, this parameter was also worse in females than in males (p=0,002, OR=1,6 [1,1; 2,2]). However, there were no gender-related differences in the long-term survival after recurrent MI (p=0,33, OR=1,1 [0,6; 1,9]).Conclusion. The results of the present study suggest a higher risk of death and poor long-term survival in patients with recurrent myocardial infarction compared to patients with primary MI.Цель. Провести анализ отдаленной выживаемости пациентов с инфарктом миокарда (ИМ) в зависимости от его типа (первичный или повторный) и возрастно-половых характеристик. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены пациенты (791 человек), проходившие лечение в Кемеровском кардиологическом диспансере по поводу ИМ в 2006 г. Длительность наблюдения составила 8,5 года. Сравнение выживаемости оценивалось методом Каплана – Майера. Критическим уровнем статистической значимости принимался 0,05. Рассчитывалось отношение шансов (ОШ) с 95 % доверительным интервалом.Результаты. В изучаемой группе 791 пациент, из которых 565 (71,4 %) – с первичным и 226 (28,6 %) – с повторным ИМ. За время наблюдения умерло 446 (56,3 %) пациентов. Причина смерти известна у 365 пациентов (81,8 %), среди которых лидируют болезни системы кровообращения (88,2 %).Семилетняя выживаемость при первичном ИМ составила 49,8 %, при повторном – 31,5 % (р=0,00001), ОШ равно 2,2 (1,5; 3,0). Риск смерти максимален на первом году при любом типе ИМ, однако при повторном ИМ риск в 2 раза выше, чем при первичном.В целом по группе пациентов с ИМ отдаленная выживаемость у женщин оказалась меньше, чем у мужчин (р=0,0065). ОШ равно 1,42 (1,07; 1,90). При первичном ИМ данный показатель у женщин также хуже, чем у мужчин (р=0,002). ОШ равно 1,6 (1,1; 2,2). В свою очередь, при повторном ИМ различий в отдаленной выживаемости по гендерному признаку не выявлено (р=0,33). ОШ равно 1,1 (0,6; 1,9).Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствуют о более высоком риске смерти и более низкой отдаленной выживаемости пациентов с повторным ИМ, чем с первичным

Doctoral Studies in the Context of Global Trends: Problems and Key Factors of Development

The article focuses on the analysis of the current state, problems and key factors in the development of Russian doctoral education in connection with its transition from 2022/2023 academic year to the implementation of a new model in the context of global trends. As a result of analyzing and evaluating statistical data for 2010-2021 and summarizing numerous publications of researchers, the authors conclude that the trend of steady decline in the efficiency of doctoral education over the past decade is a systemic problem. It is proved that the transition to a new model of implementation of doctoral training programs for scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff aimed at improving its effectiveness, strengthening the scientific component and the quality of PhD dissertations is an important and necessary condition, but not sufficient to solve the existing problem. This study is an attempt to systematize the factors affecting the development of doctoral education in Russia, which determine the possibility of creating necessary and sufficient conditions for the effective functioning of the system of training highly qualified personnel. The authors identify three groups of key factors: dynamic changes in the development of the state policy aimed at improving management in the field of training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel; developed ecosystem of educational and scientific organizations that provide doctoral education, including infrastructure, information, financial, organizational resources and scientific potential; doctoral students with interest and abilities in research activities, possessing a set of competencies necessary for the development of doctoral education. At the same time, such prospective tasks are considered as increasing reputational responsibility of organizations, which offer programs for training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel; forming effective system of targeted training in doctoral education; developing mechanisms for integration of science, higher education and industry by means of creating consortiums, the incentives for which are laid down in the “Priority 2030” university state support program

ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА УСЛОВИЙ ТРУДА И РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИИ

Purpose. The analysis of influence of occupational factors on prevalence of the arterial hypertension (AH) in occupational groups of men.Materials and methods. One-stage studying of prevalence of AH in 13 occupational groups (3 842 men) is carried out. Working conditions were estimated according to cards of certification of workplaces of departments of labor protection of the enterprises and establishments.Main results. It is shown that the increase in a category of working conditions on gravity of labor process is characterized by lowering of frequency of AH in occupational groups that is explained by preferentially occupational selection. On condition of similar levels it is production the caused physical activities, the increase in a category of working conditions on strength of labor process is accompanied by growth of frequency of AH. This influence, apparently, characterizes a direct negative impact of a occupational stress on prevalence of AH. On other factors of the working environment (noise, microclimate, etc.) communications with prevalence of AH it isn’t revealed. It is shown that prevalence of AH is connected to specifics of labor activities: underground miners are characterized by rather low frequency of AH, with insignificant distinctions depending on level of influence of unfavorable occupational factors.Conclusion. Results of research testify that besides direct adverse influence of occupational factors on prevalence of AH essential value has also occupational selection.Цель. Анализ влияния производственных факторов на распространенность артериальной гипертензии (АГ) в профессиональных группах мужчин.Материалы и методы. Проведено одномоментное изучение распространенности АГ в 13 профессиональных группах (3 842 мужчины). Условия труда оценивались по картам аттестации рабочих мест отделов охраны труда предприятий и учреждений.Результаты. Показано, что увеличение класса условий труда по тяжести трудового процесса характеризуется снижением частоты АГ в профессиональных группах, что объясняется преимущественно профессиональным отбором. При условии схожих уровней производственно обусловленных физических нагрузок увеличение класса условий труда по напряженности трудового процесса сопровождается ростом частоты АГ. Данное влияние, по-видимому, характеризует прямое негативное влияние профессионального стресса на распространенность АГ. По другим факторам производственной среды (шум, микроклимат и др.) связи с распространенностью АГ не обнаружено. Показано, что распространенность АГ связана со спецификой трудовой деятельности: подземные шахтеры характеризуются относительно низкой частотой АГ, с незначительными различиями в зависимости от уровня воздействия неблагоприятных производственных факторов.Заключение. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что помимо прямого неблагоприятного влияния производственных факторов на распространенность АГ существенное значение имеет также профессиональный отбор

Risk factors for ischemic events in residents of Kemerovo and Kemerovo region at 3-year follow-up (results of the urban rural epidemiology study)

The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for ischemic events in residents of Kemerovo and Kemerovo region at 3-year follow-up. Material and methods. The study included participants (n = 638, ages 35 to 70 years), permanently residing in Kemerovo or the Kemerovo region of the prospective epidemiological study conducted at the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases from 2015 to 2020. The exclusion criteria were prior myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris and/or diagnosed peripheral artery disease. The main socio-economic and behavioral characteristic and health status of participants were determined by means of questionnaire, data of some participants were collected from medical records (case history, patient discharge summary, results of laboratory and instrumental examinations). Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to capture an individual`s usual food consumption. International Questionnaire on Physical Activity was used to measure health-related physical activity of participants. Data regarding the end points (all-cause death or death due to cardiovascular events, de novo angina, MI, stroke) were collected at 3-year follow-up. Results. Out of 638 participants, death was reported for 22 cases (of which 4 deaths were due to cardiovascular events), 6 developed non-fatal MI, 45 had de novo angina, and 12 had a non-fatal stroke at 3-year follow-up. A composite endpoint (CE) developed in 80 study participants during 3 years of follow-up. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between CE and the following factors: obesity at the beginning of the study (odds ratio (OR) 2.09, 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 1.03–4.26) (an adjusted OR (AOR) 2.17, 95 % CI 1.06–4.44)), regular (at least once a month) alcohol consumption at the time of the survey (OR 2.33, 95 % CI 1.23–4.42 (AOR 2.29, 95 % CI 1.21–4.34)), participants stating that they have been thinking about death during previous month (OR 3.22, 95 % CI 1.54–6.76 (AOR 3.74, 95 % CI 1.73–8.07)). The following factors had the weakest association with the risk of ischemic events at 3-year follow-up: disability due to injury and occupational diseases (OR 0.19, 95 % CI 0.07–0.51 (AOR 0.21 (0.08–0.57)), taking medication for a month (OR 0.37, 95 % CI 0.17–0.81 (AOR 0.36, 95 % CI 0.16–0.80)), in particular, antihypertensive drugs (OR 0.43, 95 % CI 0.22–0.81 (AOR 0.43, 95 % CI 0.22–0.82)) and lipid-lowering drugs as a part of primary prevention (OR 0.33, 95 % CI 0.15–0.70 (AOR 0.33, 95 % CI 0.15–0.73)). Moreover, low physical activity associated with the use of transport in daily travels (car, bicycle) proved to be conditionally protective in relation to CE (OR 0.48, 95 % CI 0.25–0.94) (AOR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.25–0.96)). Conclusions. The identification of a number of significant «non-conventional» risk factors for development of ischemic events in residents of Kemerovo and Kemerovo region without prior atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases at 3-year follow-up allows to consider them as additional modifiable risk factors within the framework of primary prevention

Socio-economic and behavioral «portrait» of patients with myocardial infarction

Aim. To identify the specifics of socioeconomic status and behavioral patterns in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) compared with the data of regional epidemiological study participants. Material and methods. The study included participants aged 35–70 years permanently residing in the Kemerovo city or Kemerovo region. The study group consisted of patients with MI (n = 60), and the comparison group consisted of clinical and epidemiological study participants (the study was conducted by the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases in 2015–2020 (n = 752). After matching, the study group included 28 patients; the comparison group included 428 participants. The data were collected using a questionnaire to identify the characteristics that determine the socioeconomic and behavioral «portrait» of the participants, their health status. Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess how often each food item was consumed over a specified period of time. International Questionnaire on Physical Activity was used to measure health-related physical activity of the subjects. Results. All participants (with MI and from the epidemiological study) display negative behavior patterns that greatly increase the risk of experiencing cardiovascular events. However, patients with MI had a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the medical history (p = 0.044), prior MI, peripheral arterial disease (p = 0.001); obesity was noted less frequently (p = 0.014). Patients with MI were more likely to be prescribed antihypertensive drugs (p = 0.001), at the time of the survey they were more likely to be active (p = 0.017) and passive (p = 0.001) smokers. Alcohol consumption at the time of the survey was noted more frequently in patients with MI (p = 0.040), while the majority of respondents from the general population did not consume alcohol (p = 0.038). Patients with MI were less likely to display low physical activity at work 7 days prior to hospitalization (p = 0.001). Simultaneously, patients with MI were less likely to consume cooked and seasonal vegetables, seasonal fruits (p = 0.001). Moreover, patients with MI were more likely to incorporate fatty (p = 0.003) and low-fat dairy products (p = 0.001), lean (p = 0.013) and fatty meat (p = 0.036) in their diet. Conclusion. The established patterns of behavior in patients with MI and in the general population of the Kemerovo region do not differ significantly. A large number of people residing in Russia routinely makes unhealthy lifestyle choices, however, several «pro-atherogenic» characteristics can be identified in patients with MI

Дистанционные формы диспансерного наблюдения пациентов с артериальной гипертензией с участием медицинской сестры

Highlights. Telehealth remote monitoring for patients with arterial hypertension has been developed and implemented. A nurse coaching approach has been reported.Aim. To develop and implement the technology of remote dispensary observation of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) using telemedicine, in which the main performer is a clinic nurse.Methods. The research object is patients with AH who are under dispensary observation at the territorial polyclinic. The study included 183 patients aged 53±12.5 years, of which 64.5% were women. The duration of observation is from 30 to 90 days. The effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of the achievement of target values of blood pressure (BP), number of visits to the doctor for hypertension decompensation, patient compliance. The program used data processing technology applying telemedicine devices for automatic BP measurement.Results. In 75.5% of cases, there was a decrease in the average level of systolic and diastolic BP in comparison with the initial levels. A decrease in the maximum systolic BP and in the frequency of decompensation episodes of BP above 160 mm Hg was recorded in 15.8% of patients. Achievement of the target BP level was identified in 64.2% of patients, in 11.3% there was a positive dynamic in the clinical condition without achieving the target figures, in 24.5% of cases, no dynamics was found. The majority of patients (84.2%) preferred remote forms of counseling while maintaining a stable level of indicators. Among 15.8% of patients, the number of visits to a doctor decreased from 2.0 to 0.75 visits per month. High adherence to preventive measures was observed in 88.7% of cases; 100% of patients in the observation group confirmed the use of prescribed antihypertensive drugs.Conclusion. The original technology of remote dispensary observation of patients with AH using telemedicine devices enhances the continuity in “doctor-nurse-patient” interactions, which contributes to the improvement of medical efficiency by increasing the proportion of patients in the dispensary group who have reached the target level of BP and increase the patients' adherence to preventive measures. Telemedicine technologies reduce the number of scheduled and urgent patient visits to a polyclinic, which is relevant in the context of the shortage of medical personnel and the transition to remote consultation due to the restrictions caused by the epidemic threat [17].Основные положения. Разработана и внедрена технология дистанционного диспансерного наблюдения пациентов с артериальной гипертензией с использованием телемедицинских приборов, при которой основным исполнителем является медицинская сестра поликлинического кабинета. Впервые подробно освещена методика дистанционного консультирования больного артериальной гипертензией средним медицинским работником на этапе диспансерного наблюдения.Цель. Разработка и внедрение дистанционного диспансерного наблюдения пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) с использованием телемедицинских технологий, при котором основным исполнителем является медицинская сестра поликлинического кабинета.Материалы и методы. Объект исследования - пациенты с АГ, находящиеся под диспансерным наблюдением в территориальной поликлинике. В исследование включены 183 пациента в возрасте 53±12,5 года, из них 64,5% составили женщины. Длительность наблюдения - от 30 до 90 дней. Эффективность оценивали по показателям: достижение целевых цифр артериального давления (АД), число обращений к врачу по поводу декомпенсации АГ, комплаентность пациента. В программе наблюдения использована технология обработки данных с применением телемедицинских приборов для автоматического измерения АД.Результаты. В 75,5% случаев зафиксировано снижение среднего уровня систолического и диастолического АД в сравнении с исходным. Снижение максимального систолического АД и частоты эпизодов декомпенсации АГ выше 160 мм рт. ст. выявлено у 15,8% пациентов. Достижение целевого уровня АД определено у 64,2% больных, у 11,3% отмечена положительная динамика в клиническом состоянии без достижения целевых цифр, в 24,5% случаев динамики не обнаружено. Большинство пациентов (84,2%) предпочли дистанционные формы консультирования при сохранении стабильного уровня показателей. Среди 15,8% больных число очных обращений к врачу снизилось с 2,0 до 0,75 в месяц. Высокая приверженность профилактическим мероприятиям отмечена у 88,7% пациентов, прием назначенных гипотензивных препаратов подтвердили 100% больных группы наблюдения.Заключение. Оригинальная технология дистанционного диспансерного наблюдения пациентов с АГ с использованием телемедицинских приборов усиливает преемственность в системе «врач - медицинская сестра - пациент», что способствует повышению медицинской эффективности за счет увеличения в диспансерной группе доли пациентов, достигших целевого уровня АД, и повышения приверженности больных профилактическим мероприятиям. Телемедицинские технологии обеспечивают сокращение числа плановых и неотложных визитов пациента в медицинское учреждение, что актуально в условиях дефицита врачебных кадров и перехода на дистанционное консультирование в связи с ограничениями, вызванными эпидемической угрозой [17]