Impact of anxiety and depression disorders on adherence to anticoagulant therapy among patients with atrial fibrillation

Aim. To determine the possible impact of anxiety and depression disorders on the adherence of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to anticoagulant the rapy.Material and methods. The study included outpatients with AF of any type. After signing the informed consent, patients filled out questionnaires and scales that determined the level of anxiety and personal predisposition (MMAS-8, MMAS-4, SF-36, SHAI, STAI, HADS, NEO-FFI).Results. A total of 117 outpatients treated for AF were included. The mean age of patients was 74±5 years (men, 38%). Based on MMAS-4 and MMAS-8 results, adherent and non-adherent cohorts of patients were formed. Low adherence group had significantly higher situational anxiety according to STAI (45,9±9,9 vs 41,1±10,7, p=0,045) and depression according to HADS (7,9±3,6 vs 5,9±3,5, p=0,018). SF 36 showed that non-adherent patients had a lower general health (41,6±12,9 vs 52,2±20,0, p=0,01). Five-factor model revealed an association between low compliance and low extraversion (21,3±6,6 vs 26,4±7,2, p=0,002). Pharmacokinetic data on blood concentrations of anticoagulants or its metabolites at the second visit were available in 76 (67%) patients. Assessment of pharmacokinetic and compliance data revealed a moderate direct correlation (Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), 0,345) and a weak direct correlation with the MMAS-8 (MCC, 0,177). The difference in MMAS-4 and MMAS-8 scores between high and low pharmacokinetic adherence groups was significant on both scales (p=0,011 and 0,015, respectively).Conclusion. The rationale for widespread introduction of standardized questionnaires and scales (MMAS 4, MMAS 8, STAI, HADS, SF 36, Big 5) was shown in order to early identify patients with low adherence to treatment. The results highlight the need for further study of the contribution of psychiatric disorders to low compliance to anticoagulant therapy

Синтез и биологическое действие (±)-транс-2-[2-(диалкиламино)этокси]циклогексанолов и их сложных эфиров

This article is devoted to a method of synthesis and study of the properties of (±) - trans-2-[2-dialkylamino)ethoxy]cyclohexahols and aminoesters. It was found that the studied compounds are not toxic and have expressed antiarrhythmic propertiesСинтезирована серия аминоциклогексанолов и их сложных эфиров с целью выяснения их биологической активности. Показано, что полученные соединения обладают антиаритмической активностью и низкой токсичностью

Состояние и перспективы терапии хронического гепатита С у детей в Российской Федерации

Aim. To determine the number of children with chronic hepatitis C in the Russian Federation, including, who have received antiviral treatment, taking into account their age, the genotype of the virus, as well as the therapy regimens used.Materials and methods. The analysis of specially developed statistical reporting forms was carried out, the filling of which was carried out in September 2020 by specialists from 268 medical organizations from 37 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which are part of 8 federal districts.Results. In September 2020, 2,160 children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection aged 0 to 17 years were under observation in 268 medical organizations, including 50.7% females and 49.3% of males. The number of children in the age group from 12 to 17 years was 42.9%, from 6 to 11 years – 34.5%, from 3 to 5 years – 16.2% and from 0 to 2 years – 6.4%. The genotype of the virus was determined in 1388 (64.3%) children. The proportion of children with genotype 1 was 58.6%, with genotype 3 – 37.2%, with genotype 2 – 4%. Only 141 (8.8%) children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection have been received antiviral therapy. 1465 (91.2%) children were not treated, but 153 (9.5%) of them received therapy earlier, without achieving a sustained virological response. Direct-acting antiviral agents treatment was carried out to 120 children (85.1%), of whom glecaprevir + pibrentasvir was received by 85 children (70.8%) in 20 regions, sofosbuvir + ledipasvir – 14 children (11.7%) in 6 regions, sofosbuvir – 14 children (11.7%) in 6 regions, daklatasvir – 7 children (5.8%) in 4 regions. Children are removed from dispensary observation after achieving a stable virological response in accordance with the current regulatory documents in 26 regions of the Russian Federation (70.3%).Conclusion. In 2020, less than 10% of children under management received antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the Russian Federation. It is necessary to approve the state program for the treatment of viral hepatitis, one of the directions of which should be the provision of all children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection with modern highly effective antiviral drugs. It is also necessary to conduct clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of direct-acting antiviral agents for children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in order to ensure the possibility of their earlier prescription.Цель. Установить количество детей, больных хроническим гепатитом С, в Российской Федерации, в том числе получивших противовирусное лечение, с учетом их возраста, генотипа вируса, а также используемых схем терапии.Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ специально разработанных статистических отчетных форм, заполнение которых осуществлялось в сентябре 2020 г. специалистами 268 медицинских организаций из 37 субъектов РФ, входящих в состав 8 федеральных округов.Результаты. В сентябре 2020 г. в 268 медицинских организациях под наблюдением находились 2160 детей с хроническим гепатитом С в возрасте от 0 до 17 лет, в том числе 50,7% женского и 49,3% мужского пола. Количество детей в возрастной группе от 12 до 17 лет включительно составило 42,9%, от 6 до 11 лет – 34,5%, от 3 до 5 лет – 16,2% и от 0 до 2 лет – 6,4%. Генотип вируса был определен у 1388 (64,3%) детей. Доля детей с генотипом 1 составила 58,6%, с генотипом 3 – 37,2%, с генотипом 2 – 4%. Противовирусную терапию получал 141 (8,8%) ребенок. Лечение 1465 (91,2%) детей не проводилось, однако было отмечено, что 153 (9,5%) из них получали терапию ранее, без достижения устойчивого вирусологического ответа. Лечение препаратами прямого противовирусного действия проводилось 120 детям (85,1%), из них глекапревир + пибрентасвир получали 85 детей (70,8%) в 20 регионах, софосбувир + ледипасвир – 14 детей (11,7%) в 6 регионах, софосбувир – 14 детей (11,7%) в 6 регионах, даклатасвир – 7 детей (5,8%) в 4 регионах. В 26 регионах РФ (70,3%) дети снимались с наблюдения после достижения устойчивого вирусологического ответа в соответствии с действующими нормативными документами.Заключение. Противовирусную терапию хронического гепатита С в РФ в 2020 г. получали менее 10% детей, находившихся под наблюдением. Необходимо утверждение долгосрочной государственной программы лечения вирусных гепатитов, одним из направлений которой должно стать обеспечение всех детей с хроническим гепатитом С современными высокоэффективными противовирусными препаратами. Также необходимо проведение клинических исследований в РФ для оценки безопасности и эффективности препаратов прямого противовирусного действия у детей с хроническим гепатитом С с целью обеспечения возможности их более раннего назначения

Non-Invasive Detection of a Small Number of Bioluminescent Cancer Cells In Vivo

Early detection of tumors can significantly improve the outcome of tumor treatment. One of the most frequently asked questions in cancer imaging is how many cells can be detected non-invasively in a live animal. Although many factors limit such detection, increasing the light emission from cells is one of the most effective ways of overcoming these limitations. Here, we describe development and utilization of a lentiviral vector containing enhanced firefly luciferase (luc2) gene. The resulting single cell clones of the mouse mammary gland tumor (4T1-luc2) showed stable light emission in the range of 10,000 photons/sec/cell. In some cases individual 4T1-luc2 cells inserted under the skin of a nu/nu mouse could be detected non-invasively using a cooled CCD camera in some cases. In addition, we showed that only few cells are needed to develop tumors in these mice and tumor progression can be monitored right after the cells are implanted. Significantly higher luciferase activity in these cells allowed us to detect micrometastases in both, syngeneic Balb/c and nu/nu mice

The M235T Polymorphism in the AGT Gene and CHD Risk: Evidence of a Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Violation and Publication Bias in a Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: The M235T polymorphism in the AGT gene has been related to an increased risk of hypertension. This finding may also suggest an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A case-cohort study was conducted in 1,732 unrelated middle-age women (210 CHD cases and 1,522 controls) from a prospective cohort of 15,236 initially healthy Dutch women. We applied a Cox proportional hazards model to study the association of the polymorphism with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n = 71) and CHD. In the case-cohort study, no increased risk for CHD was found under the additive genetic model (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 1.68; P = 0.28). This result was not changed by adjustment (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.64; P = 0.38) nor by using dominant, recessive and pairwise genetic models. Analyses for AMI risk under the additive genetic model also did not show any statistically significant association (crude HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.39; P = 0.20). To evaluate the association, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken of all studies published up to February 2007 (searched through PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE). The meta-analysis (38 studies with 13284 cases and 18722 controls) showed a per-allele odds ratio (OR) of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.15; P = 0.02). Moderate to large levels of heterogeneity were identified between studies. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) violation and the mean age of cases were statistically significant sources of the observed variation. In a stratum of non-HWE violation studies, there was no effect. An asymmetric funnel plot, the Egger's test (P = 0.066), and the Begg-Mazumdar test (P = 0.074) were all suggestive of the presence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The pooled OR of the present meta-analysis, including our own data, presented evidence that there is an increase in the risk of CHD conferred by the M235T variant of the AGT gene. However, the relevance of this weakly positive overall association remains uncertain because it may be due to various residual biases, including HWE-violation and publication biases