Cyclosporin A-insensitive permeability transition in brain mitochondria - Inhibition by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) may operate as a physiological Ca 2 � release mechanism and also contribute to mitochondrial deenergization and release of proapoptotic proteins after pathological stress, e.g. ischemia/reperfusion. Brain mitochondria ex- hibit unique PTP characteristics, including relative re- sistance to inhibition by cyclosporin A. In this study, we report that 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate blocks Ca 2 � - induced Ca 2 � release in isolated, non-synaptosomal rat brain mitochondria in the presence of physiological con- centrations of ATP and Mg 2 � .Ca 2 � release was not me - diated by the mitochondrial Na � /Ca 2 � exchanger or by reversal of the uniporter responsible for energy-depend- ent Ca 2 � uptake. Loss of mitochondrial Ca 2 � was accom - panied by release of cytochrome c and pyridine nucleo- tides, indicating an increase in permeability of both the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. Under these conditions, Ca 2 � -induced opening of the PTP was not blocked by cyclosporin A, antioxidants, or inhibitors of phospholipase A 2 or nitric-oxide synthase but was abol - ished by pretreatment with bongkrekic acid. These find- ings indicate that in the presence of adenine nucleotides and Mg 2 � ,Ca 2 � -induced PTP in non-synaptosomal brain mitochondria exhibits a unique pattern of sensitivity to inhibitors and is particularly responsive to 2-amino- ethoxydiphenyl borate

Resource allocation for licensed/unlicensed carrier aggregation MIMO systems

In this paper a novel Carrier Aggregation (CA) scheme is proposed for downlink MIMO LTE-A Systems. The proposed approach achieves increased transmission rates by establishing the communication links via both licensed and unlicensed bands without generating or experiencing interference to/from the users of the latter bands. To that end, a rate optimization problem is defined and solved subject to the previous zero interference constraints, a total power constraint and a maximum number of aggregated bands constraint

Resource Allocation for Licensed/Unlicensed Carrier Aggregation MIMO Systems

In this paper a novel Carrier Aggregation (CA) scheme is proposed for downlink MIMO LTE-A Systems. The proposed approach achieves increased transmission rates by establishing the communication links via both licensed and unlicensed bands without generating or experiencing interference to/from the users of the latter bands. To that end, a rate optimization problem is defined and solved subject to the previous zero interference constraints, a total power constraint and a maximum number of aggregated bands constraint. It turns out that the previous problem is a Mixed Integer Non Linear Programming (MINLP) one that requires an exhaustive search procedure in order to be solved. To tackle this, an optimal low complexity method is proposed based on the Lagrange dual decomposition. The performance of the original (MINLP) and the low-complexity proposed techniques is verified via indicative simulation

Federal tax autonomy and the limits of cooperation

"Wir betrachten das 'Hold-up Problem', das in den Beziehungen zwischen einem ausländischen Investor und der Regierung, bzw. den Regierungen eines Gastlandes mit schwachen institutionellen Strukturen besteht. Unter Verwendung von Nash-Drohungen wird gezeigt, dass eine Überwindung des Holdup Problems durch wiederholte Interaktion zwischen den Akteuren möglich ist. Weiterhin wird untersucht, ob föderale Strukturen eine solche Überwindung wahrscheinlicher machen oder nicht. Schließlich wird gezeigt, dass eine Überwindung des Hold-up Problems besser gelingt, wenn die verschiedenen Regierungsebenen des Gastlandes sich bindend auf eine gemeinschaftssteuerliche Aufteilung des Steueraufkommens festlegen können." (Autorenreferat)"We consider the hold-up problem between a foreign direct investor and the government(s) in a host country with weak governmental structure and lack of power to commit. Using 'Nash threats', we show that an efficient investment level can be sustained for a sufficiently high discount factor and ask whether a federal structure makes collusion more or less sustainable. We show that collusion between the government and the investor is easier to sustain if the host country is more centralized or if the government layers can commit to fixed sharing rules." (author's abstract

Gauss-Bonnet gravity renders negative tension braneworlds unstable

We show that the Gauss-Bonnet correction to Einstein gravity induces a gravitational tachyon mode, namely an unstable spin 2 fluctuation, in the Randall-Sundrum I model. We demonstrate that this instability is generically related to the presence of a negative tension brane in the set-up, with or without $Z_2$-symmetry across it. Indeed it is shown that the tachyon mode is a bound state localised on any negative tension brane of co-dimension one, embedded in anti-de Sitter background. We discuss the possible resolution of this instability by the inclusion of induced gravity terms on the branes or by an effective four-dimensional cosmological constant.Comment: published versio

Least squares support vector machines for direction of arrival estimation

Machine learning research has largely been devoted to binary and multiclass problems relating to data mining, text categorization, and pattern/facial recognition. Recently, popular machine learning algorithms, including support vector machines (SVM), have successfully been applied to wireless communication problems. The paper presents a multiclass least squares SVM (LS-SVM) architecture for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation as applied to a CDMA cellular system. Simulation results show a high degree of accuracy, as related to the DOA classes, and prove that the LS-SVM DDAG (decision directed acyclic graph) system has a wide range of performance capabilities. The multilabel capability for multiple DOAs is discussed. Multilabel classification is possible with the LS-SVM DDAG algorithm presented