Bacterial Diseases of Wheat in the Southern Ural: Manifestations, Biological Characteristics and Monitoring Features

The paper presents the results of a long-term monitoring of bacterial diseases of wheat in the steppe zone of the Southern Ural. A clear domination of the genus Xanthomonas over the genus Pseudomonas has been revealed (60 and 11% of the total samples collected, respectively). The frequency of a winter wheat infection with these two pathogens exceeded that of the spring wheat. The field phytosanitary assessment resulted in the observation of the earlier unknown manifestation of the Xanthomonas infection called as tip bacteriosis. The frequency of wheat infection with Xanthomonas sp. almost did not depend on the relief type, observation period, and sowing date, though the frequency of infection observed for the northern slope and lowland clearly exceeded those observed for other relief types. The frequency of infection with Pseudomonas sp. clearly depended on the sowing date and local relief type reaching the maximum at the lowlands (19–27%), so this relief type can be considered as a “signal” point for the early diagnostics of this pathogen

Bacterial diseases of wheat caused by Xanthomonas sp. in the Southern Ural: Identification issues

The identification of pathogenic agents isolated from infected wheat seeds and plants, collected in the Southern Ural and characterized by an atypical manifestation of bacterial infection (yellow leaf tips), has been carried out by direct microbiological and molecular methods. In addition, an indirect identification by the hypersensitive reaction (HR) approach has been performed simultaneously with the pathogenicity assessment of isolates using an indicator plant Plectranthus australis R. Br. Isolated samples have been microbiologically identified as Xanthomonas sp. According to the results of the PCR identification with species-specific primers, isolated samples represent Xanthomonas translucens; the reliability of the obtained results is corroborated by the hypersensitive reaction approach used also to assess the pathogenicity of isolates. Winter wheat, especially cv. Pionerskaya 23, where both X. translucens and Pantoea agglomerans were found, suffered more severe symptoms than spring wheat that was only affected by strains of X. translucens. To improve the reliability of the primary diagnostics of a bacterial character of seed infection, the provoking of the pathogen development by temperature or pH stress is proposed

Endothelial function and vascular reactivity in workplace hypertension

Aim. To assess vascular reactivity and endothelial function (EF) in people with workplace hypertension (WPH) and arterial hypertension (AH) patients.Material and methods. Fifty men with Stage I-II AH were examined, including 30 with WPH, according to 24- hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM) during workdays and weekends (20 subjects with low workplace stress levels). Mean age of the participants was 42,8±8,2 years. Cold stress test, psycho-mental reading test, and arithmetic counting (AC) test were performed. Healthy controls were 30 males (mean age 40,6±7,1 years). Endothelium- dependent vasodilatation (EDVD) was assessed during the cuff test.Results. BP reaction during stress tests was similar in all patients. During AC test, WPH patients demonstrated greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) increase than controls and AH patients. Increased cardiovascular reactivity during cold stress test was associated with AH in family history. In WPH subjects, EDVD was lower than in AH patients, and brachial artery occlusion was associated with vasoconstriction in 50%. Patients with cuff test vasoconstriction had lower SBP increase in cold stress test and greater SBP increase during reading test; diastolic BP (DBP) increase was greater in AC test. There was a negative correlation between DBP increase during AC test and EDVD. Conclusion. WPH patients differed from AH patients in terms of increased stress reactivity, associated with EF. Participants with cuff test vasoconstriction demonstrated vascular reactivity different from that in other AH patients