1,103 research outputs found
A New Look at the Axial Anomaly in Lattice QED with Wilson Fermions
By carrying out a systematic expansion of Feynman integrals in the lattice
spacing, we show that the axial anomaly in the U(1) lattice gauge theory with
Wilson fermions, as determined in one-loop order from an irrelevant lattice
operator in the Ward identity, must necessarily be identical to that computed
from the dimensionally regulated continuum Feynman integrals for the triangle
diagrams.Comment: 1 figure, LaTeX, 18 page
Orbits of quantum states and geometry of Bloch vectors for -level systems
Physical constraints such as positivity endow the set of quantum states with
a rich geometry if the system dimension is greater than two. To shed some light
on the complicated structure of the set of quantum states, we consider a
stratification with strata given by unitary orbit manifolds, which can be
identified with flag manifolds. The results are applied to study the geometry
of the coherence vector for n-level quantum systems. It is shown that the
unitary orbits can be naturally identified with spheres in R^{n^2-1} only for
n=2. In higher dimensions the coherence vector only defines a non-surjective
embedding into a closed ball. A detailed analysis of the three-level case is
presented. Finally, a refined stratification in terms of symplectic orbits is
considered.Comment: 15 pages LaTeX, 3 figures, reformatted, slightly modified version,
corrected eq.(3), to appear in J. Physics
Layered architecture for quantum computing
We develop a layered quantum computer architecture, which is a systematic
framework for tackling the individual challenges of developing a quantum
computer while constructing a cohesive device design. We discuss many of the
prominent techniques for implementing circuit-model quantum computing and
introduce several new methods, with an emphasis on employing surface code
quantum error correction. In doing so, we propose a new quantum computer
architecture based on optical control of quantum dots. The timescales of
physical hardware operations and logical, error-corrected quantum gates differ
by several orders of magnitude. By dividing functionality into layers, we can
design and analyze subsystems independently, demonstrating the value of our
layered architectural approach. Using this concrete hardware platform, we
provide resource analysis for executing fault-tolerant quantum algorithms for
integer factoring and quantum simulation, finding that the quantum dot
architecture we study could solve such problems on the timescale of days.Comment: 27 pages, 20 figure
History-sensitive versus future-sensitive approaches to security in distributed systems
We consider the use of aspect-oriented techniques as a flexible way to deal
with security policies in distributed systems. Recent work suggests to use
aspects for analysing the future behaviour of programs and to make access
control decisions based on this; this gives the flavour of dealing with
information flow rather than mere access control. We show in this paper that it
is beneficial to augment this approach with history-based components as is the
traditional approach in reference monitor-based approaches to mandatory access
control. Our developments are performed in an aspect-oriented coordination
language aiming to describe the Bell-LaPadula policy as elegantly as possible.
Furthermore, the resulting language has the capability of combining both
history- and future-sensitive policies, providing even more flexibility and
power.Comment: In Proceedings ICE 2010, arXiv:1010.530
High-fidelity simulations of CdTe vapor deposition from a new bond-order potential-based molecular dynamics method
CdTe has been a special semiconductor for constructing the lowest-cost solar
cells and the CdTe-based Cd1-xZnxTe alloy has been the leading semiconductor
for radiation detection applications. The performance currently achieved for
the materials, however, is still far below the theoretical expectations. This
is because the property-limiting nanoscale defects that are easily formed
during the growth of CdTe crystals are difficult to explore in experiments.
Here we demonstrate the capability of a bond order potential-based molecular
dynamics method for predicting the crystalline growth of CdTe films during
vapor deposition simulations. Such a method may begin to enable defects
generated during vapor deposition of CdTe crystals to be accurately explored
Suppression of decoherence by bath ordering
The dynamics of two coupled spins-1/2 coupled to a spin-bath is studied as an
extended model of the Tessieri-Wilkie Hamiltonian \cite{TWmodel}. The pair of
spins served as an open subsystem were prepared in one of the Bell states and
the bath consisted of some spins-1/2 is in a thermal equilibrium state from the
very beginning. It is found that with the increasing the coupling strength of
the bath spins, the bath forms a resonant antiferromagnetic order. The
polarization correlation between the two spins of the subsystem and the
concurrence are recovered in some extent to the isolated subsystem. This
suppression of the subsystem decoherence may be used to control the quantum
devices in practical applications.Comment: 32 pages, Chinese Physics (accepted
The exact Darwin Lagrangian
Darwin (1920) noted that when radiation can be neglected it should be
possible to eliminate the radiation degrees-of-freedom from the action of
classical electrodynamics and keep the discrete particle degrees-of-freedom
only. Darwin derived his well known Lagrangian by series expansion in
keeping terms up to order . Since radiation is due to acceleration the
assumption of low speed should not be necessary. A Lagrangian is suggested that
neglects radiation without assuming low speed. It cures deficiencies of the
Darwin Lagrangian in the ultra-relativistic regime.Comment: 2.5 pages, no figure
A Parametrization of Bipartite Systems Based on SU(4) Euler Angles
In this paper we give an explicit parametrization for all two qubit density
matrices. This is important for calculations involving entanglement and many
other types of quantum information processing. To accomplish this we present a
generalized Euler angle parametrization for SU(4) and all possible two qubit
density matrices. The important group-theoretical properties of such a
description are then manifest. We thus obtain the correct Haar (Hurwitz)
measure and volume element for SU(4) which follows from this parametrization.
In addition, we study the role of this parametrization in the Peres-Horodecki
criteria for separability and its corresponding usefulness in calculating
entangled two qubit states as represented through the parametrization.Comment: 23 pages, no figures; changed title and abstract and rewrote certain
areas in line with referee comments. To be published in J. Phys. A: Math. and
Ge
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Bridge-specific fragility analysis: when is it really necessary?
In seismic assessment of bridges the research focus has recently shifted on the derivation of bridge-specific fragility curves that account for the effect of different geometry, structural system, component and soil properties, on the seismic behaviour. In this context, a new, component-based methodology for the derivation of bridge-specific fragility curves has been recently proposed by the authors, with a view to overcoming the inherent difficulties in assessing all bridges of a road network and the drawbacks of existing methodologies, which use the same group of fragility curves for bridges within the same typological class. The main objective of this paper is to critically assess the necessity of bridge-specific fragility analysis, starting from the effect of structure-specific parameters on component capacity (limit state thresholds), seismic demand, and fragility curves. The aforementioned methodology is used to derive fragility curves for all bridges within an actual road network, with a view to investigating the consistency of adopting generic fragility curves for bridges that fall within the same class and quantifying the degree of over- or under-estimation of the probability of damage when generic bridge classes are considered. Moreover, fragility curves for all representative bridges of the analysed concrete bridge classes are presented to illustrate the differentiation in bridge fragility for varying structural systems, bridge geometry, total bridge length and maximum pier height. Based on the above, the relevance of bridge-specific fragility analysis is assessed, and pertinent conclusions are drawn
Defect formation dynamics during CdTe overlayer growth
The presence of atomic-scale defects at multilayer interfaces significantly
degrades performance in CdTe-based photovoltaic technologies. The ability to
accurately predict and understand defect formation mechanisms during overlayer
growth is, therefore, a rational approach for improving the efficiencies of
CdTe materials. In this work, we utilize a recently developed CdTe bond-order
potential (BOP) to enable accurate molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for
predicting defect formation during multilayer growth. A detailed comparison of
our MD simulations to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
experiments verifies the accuracy and predictive power of our approach. Our
simulations further indicate that island growth can reduce the lattice mismatch
induced defects. These results highlight the use of predictive MD simulations
to gain new insight on defect reduction in CdTe overlayers, which directly
addresses efforts to improve these materials
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