7,132 research outputs found
Dimensionalities of Weak Solutions in Hydrogenic Systems
A close inspection on the 3D hydrogen atom Hamiltonian revealed formal
eigenvectors often discarded in the literature. Although not in its domain,
such eigenvectors belong to the Hilbert space, and so their time evolution is
well defined. They are then related to the 1D and 2D hydrogen atoms and it is
numerically found that they have continuous components, so that ionization can
take place
Long-time discrete particle effects versus kinetic theory in the self-consistent single-wave model
The influence of the finite number N of particles coupled to a monochromatic
wave in a collisionless plasma is investigated. For growth as well as damping
of the wave, discrete particle numerical simulations show an N-dependent long
time behavior resulting from the dynamics of individual particles. This
behavior differs from the one due to the numerical errors incurred by Vlasov
approaches. Trapping oscillations are crucial to long time dynamics, as the
wave oscillations are controlled by the particle distribution inhomogeneities
and the pulsating separatrix crossings drive the relaxation towards thermal
equilibrium.Comment: 11 pages incl. 13 figs. Phys. Rev. E, in pres
Relaxation times of unstable states in systems with long range interactions
We consider several models with long-range interactions evolving via
Hamiltonian dynamics. The microcanonical dynamics of the basic Hamiltonian Mean
Field (HMF) model and perturbed HMF models with either global anisotropy or an
on-site potential are studied both analytically and numerically. We find that
in the magnetic phase, the initial zero magnetization state remains stable
above a critical energy and is unstable below it. In the dynamically stable
state, these models exhibit relaxation time scales that increase algebraically
with the number of particles, indicating the robustness of the
quasistationary state seen in previous studies. In the unstable state, the
corresponding time scale increases logarithmically in .Comment: Minor change
A nonstationary generalization of the Kerr congruence
Making use of the Kerr theorem for shear-free null congruences and of
Newman's representation for a virtual charge ``moving'' in complex space-time,
we obtain an axisymmetric time-dependent generalization of the Kerr congruence,
with a singular ring uniformly contracting to a point and expanding then to
infinity. Electromagnetic and complex eikonal field distributions are naturally
associated with the obtained congruence, with electric charge being
necesssarily unit (``elementary''). We conjecture that the corresponding
solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations could describe the process of
continious transition of the naked ringlike singularitiy into a rotating black
hole and vice versa, under a particular current radius of the singular ring.Comment: 6 pages, twocolum
One-Loop Supergravity Corrections to the Black Hole Entropy and Residual Supersymmetry
We study the one-loop corrections to the effective on-shell action of N=2
supergravity in the background of the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. In the
extreme case the contributions from graviton, gravitino and photon to the
one-loop corrections to the entropy are shown to cancel. This gives the first
explicit example of the supersymmetric non-renormalization theorem for the
on-shell action (entropy) for BPS configurations which admit Killing spinors.
We display the residual supersymmetry of the perturbations of a general
supersymmetric theory in a bosonic BPS background.Comment: 13 Pages, LaTe
Electrodynamics with Lorentz-violating operators of arbitrary dimension
The behavior of photons in the presence of Lorentz and CPT violation is
studied. Allowing for operators of arbitrary mass dimension, we classify all
gauge-invariant Lorentz- and CPT-violating terms in the quadratic Lagrange
density associated with the effective photon propagator. The covariant
dispersion relation is obtained, and conditions for birefringence are
discussed. We provide a complete characterization of the coefficients for
Lorentz violation for all mass dimensions via a decomposition using
spin-weighted spherical harmonics. The resulting nine independent sets of
spherical coefficients control birefringence, dispersion, and anisotropy. We
discuss the restriction of the general theory to various special models,
including among others the minimal Standard-Model Extension, the isotropic
limit, the case of vacuum propagation, the nonbirefringent limit, and the
vacuum-orthogonal model. The transformation of the spherical coefficients for
Lorentz violation between the laboratory frame and the standard Sun-centered
frame is provided. We apply the results to various astrophysical observations
and laboratory experiments. Astrophysical searches of relevance include studies
of birefringence and of dispersion. We use polarimetric and dispersive data
from gamma-ray bursts to set constraints on coefficients for Lorentz violation
involving operators of dimensions four through nine, and we describe the mixing
of polarizations induced by Lorentz and CPT violation in the cosmic-microwave
background. Laboratory searches of interest include cavity experiments. We
present the theory for searches with cavities, derive the experiment-dependent
factors for coefficients in the vacuum-orthogonal model, and predict the
corresponding frequency shift for a circular-cylindrical cavity.Comment: 58 pages two-column REVTeX, accepted in Physical Review
Entropy of a Kerr-de Sitter black hole due to arbitrary spin fields
The Newman-Penrose formalism is used to derive the Teukolsky master equations
controlling massless scalar, neutrino, electromagnetic, gravitino, and
gravitational field perturbations of the Kerr-de Sitter spacetime. Then the
quantum entropy of a non-extreme Kerr-de Sitter black hole due to arbitrary
spin fields is calculated by the improved thin-layer brick wall model. It is
shown that the subleading order contribution to the entropy is dependent on the
square of the spins of particles and that of the specific angular momentum of
black holes as well as the cosmological constant. The logarithmic correction of
the spins of particles to the entropy relies on the rotation of the black hole
and the effect of the cosmological constant.Comment: 28 pages, two figures, Revtex4.0. Final revised version to appear in
PR
MAXIMA: an experiment to measure temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background
We describe the MAXIMA experiment, a balloon-borne measurement designed to
map temperature anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) over a wide
range of angular scales (multipole range 80 < l < 800). The experiment consists
of a 1.3 m diameter off-axis Gregorian telescope and a receiver with a 16
element array of bolometers cooled to 100 mK. The frequency bands are centered
at 150, 240, and 410 GHz. The 10' FWHM beam sizes are well matched to the scale
of acoustic peaks expected in the angular power spectrum of the CMB. The first
flight of the experiment in its full configuration was launched in August 1998.
A 122 sq-deg map of the sky was made near the Draco constellation during the 7
hour flight in a region of extremely low galactic dust contamination. This map
covers 0.3% of the sky and has 3200 independent beamsize pixels. We describe
the MAXIMA instrument and its performance during the recent flight.Comment: To appear in proceedings of `3K Cosmology', ed. F Melchiorri,
Conference held Oct 5-10 1998, Rome, 13 pages LaTeX (using aipproc2.sty &
aipproc2.cls), Postscript with higher resolution graphics available at
http://cfpa.berkeley.edu/group/cmb/gen.htm
Mapping gravitational-wave backgrounds using methods from CMB analysis: Application to pulsar timing arrays
We describe an alternative approach to the analysis of gravitational-wave
backgrounds, based on the formalism used to characterise the polarisation of
the cosmic microwave background. In contrast to standard analyses, this
approach makes no assumptions about the nature of the background and so has the
potential to reveal much more about the physical processes that generated it.
An arbitrary background can be decomposed into modes whose angular dependence
on the sky is given by gradients and curls of spherical harmonics. We derive
the pulsar timing overlap reduction functions for the individual modes, which
are given by simple combinations of spherical harmonics evaluated at the pulsar
locations. We show how these can be used to recover the components of an
arbitrary background, giving explicit results for both isotropic and
anisotropic uncorrelated backgrounds. We also find that the response of a
pulsar timing array to curl modes is identically zero, so half of the
gravitational-wave sky will never be observed using pulsar timing, no matter
how many pulsars are included in the array. An isotropic, unpolarised and
uncorrelated background can be accurately represented using only three modes,
and so a search of this type will be only slightly more complicated than the
standard cross-correlation search using the Hellings and Downs overlap
reduction function. However, by measuring the components of individual modes of
the background and checking for consistency with isotropy, this approach has
the potential to reveal much more information. Each individual mode on its own
describes a background that is correlated between different points on the sky.
A measurement of the components that indicates the presence of correlations in
the background on large angular scales would suggest startling new physics.Comment: 48 pages, 16 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D; v2 contains various
changes in response to the referee report and is consistent with published
versio
Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Consensus Report
Background: In Europe cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 3.9 million deaths (45% of deaths), being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, hypertension (leading to heart failure) the major cause of these CVD related deaths. Periodontitis is also a chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) with a high prevalence, being severe periodontitis, affecting 11.2% of the world's population, the sixth most common human disease. Material and Methods: There is now a significant body of evidence to support independent associations between severe periodontitis and several NCDs, in particular CVD. In 2012 a joint workshop was held between the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology to review the literature relating periodontitis and systemic diseases, including CVD. In the last five years important new scientific information has emerged providing important emerging evidence to support these associations. Results and Conclusions: The present review reports the proceedings of the workshop jointly organised by the EFP and the World Heart Federation (WHF), which has updated the existing epidemiological evidence for significant associations between periodontitis and CVD, the mechanistic links and the impact of periodontal therapy on cardiovascular and surrogate outcomes. This review has also focused on the potential risk and complications of periodontal therapy in patients on anti thrombotic therapy and has made recommendations for dentists, physicians and for patients visiting both the dental and medical practices
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