Efficacy and safety of mifepristone-misoprostol combination with extraamniotic ethacridine lactate-misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy

Background: Mid trimester termination of pregnancy is one of the most controversial areas of gynecological practice. It has moral, emotional, social and technical issues. This study was designed for comparison of efficacy and safety of Mifepristone-Misoprostol combination with exrtaamniotic Ethacridine Lactate-misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy.Methods: The present was undertaken among the patients admitted to hospitals attached to J.J.M. Medical College; Bapuji hospital, Women and Children hospital and Chigateri general hospital Davangere during the study period   from November 2016 - October 2017.  Patients coming for second trimester abortion to above mentioned hospitals were assigned serial number from 1 to 80 and all patients with even number will be allocated to group 1 and all patients with odd number will be allocated in group 2, each group comprising 40 women each.Results: Majority of the cases in both the groups were between 21-25 yrs. Majority of the cases in both the groups were multigravidas. 11 cases from group 1 and 12 cases from group 2 were of gestational age between 14-16 wks. 29 cases from group 1 and 28 cases from group 2 were of gestational age between 18-20 wks. In the present study the mean induction abortion interval for group 1 was 19.56±1.82 hours and group 2 was 14.13±2.72 hours. This was statistically significant. Of the 40 cases in each group, 37 had complete abortion i.e. 92.5% 3 cases (7.5%) from both the groups had incomplete abortion. The side effects were relatively more in more in group 1 when compared to group 2.Conclusions: It was concluded that with this combination success rate was high (92.5 %), with Short induction abortion interval, less rate of incomplete abortion without any major complications

Role of Herbal Medicine in Cardiovascular Activities

Herbal medicine has gained substantial attention for its potential role in supporting cardiovascular health. This chapter explores the intricate interplay between herbal compounds and cardiovascular activities, shedding light on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications. With a historical backdrop of traditional herbal medicine, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases serves as a compelling backdrop for the investigation. The chapter delves into the multifaceted mechanisms by which herbal compounds influence the cardiovascular system. Notably, herbs exhibit vasodilatory effects, contributing to blood pressure regulation, and harbor potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that collectively mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation within the cardiovascular milieu. Furthermore, certain herbs intricately modulate lipid metabolism, holding promise in the management of dyslipidemia. A thorough analysis of well-known herbal treatments clarifies each one's unique contributions to cardiovascular health. Hawthorn is revealed to be the champion of heart health, and garlic demonstrates its mastery of cholesterol reduction. Ginkgo Biloba is notable for its capacity to improve circulation, and turmeric demonstrates powerful anti-inflammatory properties. The chapter also looks at herbal medicine's potential as an intervention for regulating fluid balance, arrhythmias, and hypertension. Examined is the potential for resveratrol-rich plants and green tea to protect against heart disease. Along with considerations for safety, interactions, and future study, the symbiotic relationship between stress reduction, adaptogenic herbs, and heart health is also discussed in this article. This chapter concludes with a thorough examination of the crucial part herbal medicine plays in cardiovascular health. The complex interaction between herbal substances and circulatory functions, from mechanisms of action to clinical applications, shows promise for a more integrative and holistic approach to cardiovascular car

Biotechnological Perspective of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Mediated Stress Tolerance in Plants

All environmental cues lead to develop secondary stress conditions like osmotic and oxidative stress conditions that reduces average crop yields by more than 50% every year. The univalent reduction of molecular oxygen (O2) in metabolic reactions consequently produces superoxide anions (O2•−) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) ubiquitously in all compartments of the cell that disturbs redox potential and causes threat to cellular organelles. The production of ROS further increases under stress conditions and especially in combination with high light intensity. Plants have evolved different strategies to minimize the accumulation of excess ROS like avoidance mechanisms such as physiological adaptation, efficient photosystems such as C4 or CAM metabolism and scavenging mechanisms through production of antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes. Ascorbate-glutathione pathway plays an important role in detoxifying excess ROS in plant cells, which includes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in detoxifying O2•−radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) respectively, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) involved in recycling of reduced substrates such as ascorbate and glutathione. Efficient ROS management is one of the strategies used by tolerant plants to survive and perform cellular activities under stress conditions. The present chapter describes different sites of ROS generation and and their consequences under abiotic stress conditions and also described the approaches to overcome oxidative stress through genomics and genetic engineering

Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Bisoprolol and Triamterene in human plasma

Objective: A highly sensitive, specific, and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of bisoprolol and triamterene in human plasma using metoprolol as an internal standard (IS) as per regulatory guidelines.Methods: Both the analytes and IS were extracted from plasma using a protein precipitation extraction method. Chromatography was achieved on Welchrom XB C18, 50 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm column using an isocratic mobile phase (2 mM ammonium formate acetonitrile, 70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 ml/minute.Results: The total chromatographic run time was 3.5 minute and the elution of bisoprolol, triamterene, and IS occurred at ~2.57, 1.30 and 1.57 minute, respectively. A linear response function was established at 2.04-210 ng/ml for both the analytes in human plasma. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precisions were in the range of 1.12-7.87 and 1.26-6.36%; 1.46-6.13 and 1.65-7.34% for bisoprolol and triamterene, respectively.Conclusion: A new robust method was developed for simultaneous determination of Bisoprolol and Triamterene in human plasma. The method was strictly validated according to the ICH [1] guidelines. The information thus obtained from the study can be used for the full pharmacokinetic profiling in individuals.Keywords: Bisoprolol, Triamterene, Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, Method validation, Human plasma,Pharmacokinetics

Research Paper - Effect of shilajit on blood glucose and lipid profile in alloxaninduced diabetic rats

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of shilajit (a herbomineral preparation) on blood glucose and lipid profile in euglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats and its effects on the above parameters in combination with conventional antidiabetic drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of a single dose of alloxan monohydrate 5% (125 mg/kg, i.p.). Effects of three different doses of shilajit (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, orally), alone for 4 weeks and a combination of shilajit (100 mg/kg/day, orally) with either glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day, orally) or metformin (0.5 g/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks were studied on blood glucose and lipid profile. RESULTS: In the diabetic rats, all the three doses of shilajit produced a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and also produced beneficial effects on the lipid profile. The maximum effect was observed with the 100 mg/kg/day dose of shilajit. Combination of shilajit (100 mg/kg) with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day) or metformin (0.5 gm/kg/day) significantly enhanced the glucose-lowering ability and improvement in lipid profile than any of these drugs given alone. CONCLUSION: Shilajit is effective in controlling blood glucose levels and improves the lipid profile

Perception of family medicine as the career option among young Indian graduates

Aims and Objectives: 1. To estimate the number of graduates who had exposure to family medicine specialty. 2. To estimate the number of graduates who consider family medicine as the carrier option. 3. To compare the perception of family medicine as career option among the young graduates who had exposure to family medicine during their training or practice with no exposure. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. The doctors graduated 2018 onwards were contacted through SIMSA (South Indian Medical Students Association) and WhatsApp groups (students doing the rural health service and intern WhatsApp). Subjects who consented for the study filled the google form. Filled Google forms were evaluated. Results: First choice of among the graduates is general medicine followed by general surgery and paediatrics. Family medicine is 4th in the order. There is overall a very positive perception about the family medicine among the respondents irrespective of exposure to family medicine. Majority of them feel that it gives good financial gain (55.55%), interesting (67.03%), work and family balance (75.55%), which contributes to individual and community health (84.07%) and essential part of healthcare system (83.33%). Graduates feel that career growth (26.66%) and academic growth (33.70%) are less and it is not popular (38.88%). If there is an opportunity, majority would choose family medicine (54.44%). Conclusions: Around 5.9% are open to choose family medicine as the career option. Medical graduates perceive family medicine subject to give them good work and family balance and the subject is essential part of healthcare system and contributes to the individual and community health, and at the same time, it may not give them great financial gain, academic and career growth

Photocatalytic efficacy of Magnesium oxide nanoparticles in dye Degradation: A sustainable One-Pot synthesis utilizing Syzygium samarangense L. Extract

Efficient degradation of organic pollutants is a pressing environmental concern. In our current study, we propose a novel photocatalytic solution to address this challenge, harnessing the potential of advanced nanomaterials to enhance pollutant removal rates. The present work reports the synthesis of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) nanoparticles via a green technique using an aqueous extract of Syzygium samarangense leaves. The role of reducing and capping agents in the process was owned by Syzygium samarangense leaf extract. The green synthesized MgO nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were characterized for their structural, morphology, and optical details using various analytical techniques. The formation of metal oxide in the sample was evident from a strong absorbance peak at 264 nm, and the calculated Eg value of 5.5 eV. The high crystallinity of the prepared NPs was authenticated by PXRD analysis with a cubic structure of calculated average crystalline size of 18 nm. Both leaf extract and the prepared MgO NPs were subjected to FTIR analysis, and the action of phytochemicals was affirmed by the absence of major band in MgO NPs spectrum. Precursor and agglomerated morphology were confirmed on SEM analysis. The prepared sample were utilized to perform degradation of Methylene blue (MB) and congo red (CR) dyes through photocatalysis under UV irradiation. The results affirm the decrement in absorbance with the increment of irradiation time. The affirmed decrement was put forth to study the kinetics of the degradation reaction, and the results was best aligned with 1st kinetic equation with R2 value of 0.9850 and 0.976 for MB and CR dye, respectively. The same results were utilized to study the effect of dye dosage, catalyst concentration, pH level, and presence of different scavengers. All the results found compelling and suggest the prepared MgO NPs as a potent candidate for photocatalytic dye degradation of MB and CR