43,649 research outputs found
Masses of Open-Flavour Heavy-Light Hybrids from QCD Sum-Rules
We use QCD Laplace sum-rules to predict masses of open-flavour heavy-light
hybrids where one of the hybrid's constituent quarks is a charm or bottom and
the other is an up, down, or strange. We compute leading-order, diagonal
correlation functions of several hybrid interpolating currents, taking into
account QCD condensates up to dimension-six, and extract hybrid mass
predictions for all , as well as explore possible
mixing effects with conventional quark-antiquark mesons. Within theoretical
uncertainties, our results are consistent with a degeneracy between the
heavy-nonstrange and heavy-strange hybrids in all channels. We find a
similar mass hierarchy of , , and states (a state
lighter than essentially degenerate and states) in both the
charm and bottom sectors, and discuss an interpretation for the states.
If conventional meson mixing is present the effect is an increase in the hybrid
mass prediction, and we estimate an upper bound on this effect.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures. Mass predictions updated from previous version
to reflect corrected sign error in sum rule analysis. Mixing analysis and
examination of higher weight sum-rules added. To be published in JHE
Universal scale factors relating mesonic fields and quark operators
Scale factor matrices relating mesonic fields in chiral Lagrangians and
quark-level operators of QCD sum-rules are shown to be constrained by chiral
symmetry, resulting in universal scale factors for each chiral nonet. Built
upon this interplay between chiral Lagrangians and QCD sum-rules, the scale
factors relating the isotriplet scalar mesons to their underlying quark
composite field were recently determined. It is shown that the same technique
when applied to isodoublet scalars reproduces the same scale factors,
confirming the universality property and further validating this connection
between chiral Lagrangians and QCD sum-rules which can have nontrivial impacts
on our understanding of the low-energy QCD, in general, and the physics of
scalar mesons in particular.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1909.0724
H2S paper strip method - A bacteriological test for faecal coliforms in drinking water at various temperatures
Epidemics arising from waterborne diseases are a global health problem. Faecal contamination of drinking water is the main cause of these outbreaks. According to WHO (1996) for drinking water to be safe, a 100 ml sample should not contain any coliform bacteria. The standard methods currently used for routine testing have many limitations especially when applied in remote areas. The H2S method has been developed as an on-site, inexpensive and easy to use method to test drinking water for remote and rural areas. The present work analyses the reliability of the H2S method for detecting faecal contamination in drinking water. The minimum level of faecal coliforms that could be detected and the incubation period required at various levels of contamination were studied. The range of temperatures at which the method was effective and the incubation period required at various temperatures were also determined. The H2S method was found to be able to detect contamination down to a level of 1 CFU/100 ml of coliform bacteria. Although the H2S method could be used at a temperature range of 20 to 44oC, temperatures between 28 to 37oC gave faster results. An incubation period of only 24 hours was required at 37oC, which was found to be the most suitable incubation temperature. The incubation period increased with a decrease or increase in temperature
Seismology of adolescent neutron stars: Accounting for thermal effects and crust elasticity
We study the oscillations of relativistic stars, incorporating key physics
associated with internal composition, thermal gradients and crust elasticity.
Our aim is to develop a formalism which is able to account for the
state-of-the-art understanding of the complex physics associated with these
systems. As a first step, we build models using a modern equation of state
including composition gradients and density discontinuities associated with
internal phase-transitions (like the crust-core transition and the point where
muons first appear in the core). In order to understand the nature of the
oscillation spectrum, we carry out cooling simulations to provide realistic
snapshots of the temperature distribution in the interior as the star evolves
through adolescence. The associated thermal pressure is incorporated in the
perturbation analysis, and we discuss the presence of -modes arising as a
result of thermal effects. We also consider interface modes due to
phase-transitions and the gradual formation of the star's crust and the
emergence of a set of shear modes.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figure
Diamond films from combustion of methyl acetylene and propadiene
To date diamond films grown with the combustion technique have used either acetylene or, rarely, ethylene as the fuel. However, there are barriers to large scale commercialization of the combustion technique using either fuel. For example, acetylene is relatively expensive and difficult to handle, while the use of ethylene gives relatively low growth rates. In this letter we propose replacing acetylene with MAPPTM gas, a commercial mixture of methyl acetylene and propadiene in liquefied petroleum gas (primarily propylene). MAPP gas is considerably cheaper, safer, and easier to handle than acetylene. Furthermore, the experiments described here suggest that MAPP gas flames are only slightly less efficient than acetylene flames at converting fuel carbon atoms into diamond
Biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA) Microstructures for Scaffold Applications
In this research, we present a simple and cost effective soft lithographic
process to fabricate PLA scaffolds for tissue engineering. In which, the
negative photoresist JSR THB-120N was spun on a glass subtract followed by
conventional UV lithographic processes to fabricate the master to cast the PDMS
elastomeric mold. A thin poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) layer was used as a mode
release such that the PLA scaffold can be easily peeled off. The PLA precursor
solution was then cast onto the PDMS mold to form the PLA microstructures.
After evaporating the solvent, the PLA microstructures can be easily peeled off
from the PDMS mold. Experimental results show that the desired microvessels
scaffold can be successfully transferred to the biodegradable polymer PLA.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association
(http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing
The Exceptionally Soft X-ray Spectrum of the Low-mass Starburst Galaxy NGC 1705
NGC 1705 is one of the optically brightest and best studied dwarf galaxies.
It appears to be in the late stage of a major starburst and contains a young
super star cluster. Type II supernovae are therefore likely to have been a
major effect in the recent evolution of this galaxy and are likely to have
produced a superbubble whose affects on the low-density ambient interstellar
medium can be ideally studied. ROSAT PSPC observations of this galaxy reveal
two striking blobs of X-ray emission embedded in \Ha loops which can be
interpreted as both sides of the upper plumes of the same superbubble. These
sources are a surprise. They are much softer than those observed from other
starburst dwarf galaxies, and are so soft that they should have been blocked if
the observed Galactic HI column density were uniformly distributed across NGC
1705 or if the sources were embedded in the HI disk of NGC 1705. In addition,
the total X-ray luminosity in the ROSAT energy band of 1.2x10^{38} erg s^{-1}
is low in comparison to similar objects. We discuss possible models for the two
X-ray peaks in NGC 1705 and find that the sources most likely originate from
relatively cool gas of one single superbubble in NGC 1705. The implications of
the exceptional softness of these sources are addressed in terms of intrinsic
properties of NGC 1705 and the nature of the foreground Galactic absorption.Comment: 7 pages, 2 ps-figures, LATEX-file; accepted for publication in
ApJ.Letter
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