The effect of deuteriation on the emission lifetime of inorganic compounds

The application of deuteriation of both ligands and solvents on the photophysical properties of transition metal complexes in solution and glassy matrices is reviewed. The reduction in amplitude and frequency of vibrational modes due to deuterium's increased mass, relative to hydrogen, has a significant effect on non-radiative deactivation processes, which can occur through both intra- and inter-molecular vibrational coupling. The effect of deuteriation on excited state lifetimes has allowed for its application in probing the nature of excited state decay processes. The effects of isotopic exchange on vibrational spectroscopies such as resonance Raman and low temperature high-resolution emission spectroscopies are also addressed briefly

TRANSPORTATION ISSUES AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY: TRANSPORTATION

Productivity Analysis,

Dark Energy, Inflation and Extra Dimensions

We consider how accelerated expansion, whether due to inflation or dark energy, imposes strong constraints on fundamental theories obtained by compactification from higher dimensions. For theories that obey the null energy condition (NEC), we find that inflationary cosmology is impossible for a wide range of compactifications; and a dark energy phase consistent with observations is only possible if both Newton's gravitational constant and the dark energy equation-of-state vary with time. If the theory violates the NEC, inflation and dark energy are only possible if the NEC-violating elements are inhomogeneously distributed in thecompact dimensions and vary with time in precise synchrony with the matter and energy density in the non-compact dimensions. Although our proofs are derived assuming general relativity applies in both four and higher dimensions and certain forms of metrics, we argue that similar constraints must apply for more general compactifications.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure. v2: reference added, typos correcte

THE ALLOCATION OF LISA RESEARCH AND EXTENSION FUNDING

This article considers the political, economic, and environmental factors associated with the allocation of federal LISA (Low Input/Sustainable Agriculture) funds among states. A tobit model is estimated with LISA allocations as the dependent variable. Results indicate that pressure groups are important. LISA funding depends positively on membership in environmental organizations, the number of farms, and the size of the rural-nonfarm population, while it depends negatively on the size of the urban population. States with host LISA institutions receive significantly more funding, as do states with Senators in leadership positions on key congressional agricultural committees.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Biomechanics of Forage Wafering

Numerous research workers in industrial and educational institutions throughout the world have investigated the process of wafer formation with forage plant materials. The advantages obtained from reducing the volume of material handled and increasing production of animals fed wafers has made the process attractive to farmers. Manufacturers of farm machinery recognized the potential importance of wafers and set about to develop wafering machines and offer them to the farm market. The number of machines sold in the western part of the United States is in-creasing each year. Although manufacturers and researchers have expended enormous effort in developing forage wafering, there are many unanswered questions about the behavior of forage plant material during the wafering operation. Thus the investigation of the influence of physicomechanical and chemical properties of forage plant material on the forming of wafers thus became the major objective of the research on which this paper is based. A union of the biological and mechanical behavior of the forage plant was sought to give more insight into wafer behavior under wafering processes now in use