Compatibility Relationships in \u27Tugarka\u27 Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.)

\u27Tugarka\u27 je najzastupljenija sorta trešnje u mediteranskom dijelu Hrvatske. Jedan od uzroka njene neredovite rodnosti je loš uspjeh oprašivanja s inkompatibilnim sortama prisutnim u nasadima. Analizirana je uspješnost zametanja plodova nakon samooprašivanja, stranooprašivanja i slobodnog oprašivanja sorte Tugarka, te su izdvojeni njeni najbolji oprašivači. U ulozi oprašivača, u istraživanje su uključene sorte Lambert compact, Bing spur, Van compact i višnja maraska \u27Poljička\u27, koje su istovremeno cvjetale sa glavnom istraživanom sortom. Uspjeh klijavosti polena analiziran je metodom viseće kapi u 12% otopini saharoze pri temperaturi od 22ºC. Klijavost polena sorti oprašivača zabilježena je u rasponu od 35% (\u27Van compact\u27) do 41.04% (\u27Bing spur\u27). Zbog izostanka zametanja plodova nakon samooprašivanja \u27Tugarka\u27 je opisana kao autoinkompatibilna sorta. Značajno najveći uspjeh zametanja plodova kod sorte Tugarka zabilježen je nakon oprašivanja sa sortom Lambert compact (22.5%), a najmanji nakon oprašivanja sa višnjom maraskom \u27Poljička\u27 (14.2%).\u27Tugarka\u27 is most presented cultivar grown in orchards of Mediterranean part of Croatia. Inadequate pollination caused irregular yield of that valuable cultivar. The aim of this study was to determinate the success of self-pollination, cross-pollination and free-pollination of \u27Tugarka\u27, and to define its best pollenizer(s). Cultivars used as pollen donors, \u27Lambert compact\u27, \u27Bing spur\u27, \u27Van compact\u27, and sour cherry marasca \u27Poljička\u27, were selected according to their simultaneous flowering period with \u27Tugarka\u27. Pollen germination of tested cultivars was determined in 12% sucrose solution at 22ºC using hanging drop technique. Controlled pollinations with pollen of each pollenizer were carried out during the full bloom. Fruit set following selfpollination, cross-pollination and free-pollination was analysed just before the harvest. Pollen germination rates varied from 35% (\u27Van compact\u27) to 41.04% (\u27Bing spur\u27). Absence of fruit set following self-pollination described \u27Tugarka\u27 as self-incompatible cultivar. Significantly the best fruit set of \u27Tugarka\u27 was recorded after the pollination with \u27Lambert compact\u27 (22.5%), and the lowest following pollination with sour cherry \u27Poljička\u27 (14.2%)

Ocjena radne sposobnosti pacijenta s Wilsonovom bolesti - prikaz bolesnika

Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare, progressive autosomal recessive disorder characterised by impaired transport and excessive accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, and other tissues. The disease is diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and screening tests results. Work ability assessment of patients with WD is based on the analysis of liver, kidney, neurological, and cognitive impairments, and takes into account patient’s level of education. This article presents a case with a 48-year-old male patient, who was admitted for work ability assessment due to polymorphic symptoms. The patient had been working as a salesman for 28 years. A detailed interview and examination by occupational health and other medical specialists revealed that the patient had been suffering from Wilson’s disease from the age of 13, and had now developed hepatic manifestations (compensated liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension), neurological manifestations (dystonia, dysarthria, muscle weakness, vertigo), and psychiatric manifestations (depression, insomnia, cognitive impairment) of the disease, including problems partially caused by long-lasting treatment with copper chelating agents (neurological and haematological manifestations). There were no ocular manifestations of Wilson’s disease (Kayser-Fleischer rings or sunflower cataract). The patient was assessed as having drastically diminished general work ability, dominantly due to neurological and psychiatric impairments caused by Wilson’s disease.Wilsonova je bolest rijetka, progresivna autosomno recesivna bolest karakterizirana poremećajem transporta bakra i posljedičnim prekomjernim nakupljanjem bakra u jetri, mozgu i drugim tkivima i organima. Dijagnoza bolesti postavlja se na osnovi kliničkih manifestacija bolesti i nalaza laboratorijskih ispitivanja. Ocjena radne sposobnosti pacijenata s Wilsonovom bolesti zasniva se na analizi postojanja oštećenja i stupnja oštećenja hepatičkih, neuroloških, bubrežnih i kognitivnih funkcija, kao i na analizi stupnja obrazovanja pacijenata. Prikazan je slučaj D. M., 48-godišnjeg pacijenta, koji je primljen zbog polimorfnih tegoba na bolničko ispitivanje radi ocjene radne sposobnosti. Pacijent je radio kao prodavač posljednjih 28 godina. Nakon detaljne anamneze i pregleda koje su obavili specijalisti medicine rada i drugi specijalisti utvrđeno je da pacijent boluje od Wilsonove bolesti od 13. godine života i da u ovom trenutku ima izražene hepatične manifestacije (kompenzirana ciroza jetre s portalnom hipertenzijom), neurološke manifestacije (distonija, dizartrija, mišićna slabost, vrtoglavica) i psihijatrijske manifestacije (depresija, nesanica, kognitivno oštećenje) Wilsonove bolesti, kao i da su prisutne tegobe djelomično uzrokovane dugotrajnom upotrebom kelatne terapije (neurološki i hematološki poremećaji). Nisu uočene karakteristične očne promjene Wilsonove bolesti (Kayser-Fleischerov prsten, katarakta u obliku suncokreta). Ocjenom radne sposobnosti utvrđeno je da pacijent ima drastično smanjenu radnu sposobnost pretežno zbog neuroloških i psihičkih poremećaja u sklopu Wilsonove bolesti

El costo marginal de eficiencia del impuesto a la renta en Chile

Tesis (Ingeniero Comercial)El tamaño del Estado no se mide en relación con la cantidad de dinero que este recibe de los privados en forma de impuestos, sino en la forma en que el Estado distribuye los recursos que genera a través de sus ingresos. Por lo tanto, el tamaño del Estado será óptimo en la medida en que la asignación de los recursos que este genera sea eficiente. Los principales instrumentos con que cuentan los poderes públicos para influir en la actividad económica son: 1. Los Impuestos, que reducen el consumo o la inversión privada y, por lo tanto, liberan recursos para el gasto público; también incluyen los impuestos que fomentan o desalientan ciertos tipos de actividad económica. 2. Los Gastos, que animan a las empresas o a los trabajadores a producir determinados bienes y servicios y que incluyen también las transferencias, que proporcionan apoyo a la renta. 3. Las Regulaciones o Controles, que llevan a los individuos a realizar actividades económicas o a desistir de realizarlas. Así, el Estado financia sus gastos mediante la recaudación de fondos, donde, los impuestos son los que aportan el mayor porcentaje al ingreso del Estado