Economic tomography: the possibility to anticipate and respond to socio-economic crises

The article discusses an approach based on an original hypothesis related to the peculiarities of Russia’s development (on the one hand, its scale, the Russian mentality and a certain closeness of the economy; on the other hand, a significant dominant resource and human potential, and, as a consequence, a genuine role in the global economic community), the diagnosis of which (at the level of the well-being of individuals and inhabited areas) can be used to identify crises, provide an early assessment of threats to socio-economic development of regions as well as help to evaluate the state of the region over a 3 to 5 year period. In other words, in order to ensure that executives have enough time to mount a sufficiently rapid response to the crises and administrative errors and to reduce the impact of emerging threats. The aim of this paper is to present theoretical and methodological tools for the recognition of the early stages of emerging threats, allowing fewer losses to be experienced during the crisis period. Simulation experiments were carried out for the purpose of classifying previously occurring social and economic crises (9 possible variants were reviewed) and mathematically processed trajectories of change in the main indicators for the well-being of individuals and inhabited areas, taking the influence of various factors into account. On the basis of the authors’ proposed approach (referred to as economic tomography) an attempt is made to comprehensively assess the state of sample representative regions of Russia.The research has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project № 14–18–00574 'Information-analytical system "Anticrisis:" diagnostics of the regions, threat assessment and scenario forecasting for the preservation and strengthening of economic security and well-being of Russia')

ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF MODELS FOR DESCRIPTION OF MODULATION INSTABILITY OF LANGMUIR WAVES IN PLASMA

Various models for description of the modulation instability of intensive Langmuir oscillations in plasma in one–dimensional representation are discussed. It is noted that the kinetic damping on the electrons can violate the conditions of the modulation instability development due to the suppression of the field at the stage of cavities formation, which in this case can reshape. The hydrodynamic model not quite correctly describes the behavior of particles trapped by the spatially inhomogeneous field, neglecting in fact by their inertia that leads to formation of not only very small–scale and deep plasma density cavities, but also triggers to the peaking regime. Considering ions as particles within framework of so–called hybrid models (when electrons are described as fluid and ions as super–particles) allows to see the appearance of groups of fast ions and premature collapse of density cavities due to the intersection of ion trajectories. These models make possible determination of the energy transmitted to ions and low–frequency collective degrees of freedom. Different models are compared with special emphasis on the comparative dynamics of ion heating with development of the instability of intensive Langmuir oscillations in hot (Zakharov’s model) and cold (Silin’s model) plasma

SURGICAL CORRECTION OF INSUFFICIENCY OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AT THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF EXTRACEREBRAL ARTERIES

There is more than 1 million people who have had a stroke in Russia; the third part of these people are of working age, and only every fourth patient returned to job. This article discusses one of the most effective methods of stroke prevention - the procedure of carotid endarterectomy. We performed 468 reconstructive operations in 448 patients. 65 % (305) of surgeries were open carotid endarterectomies. In other cases, operations of prosthetics or blood flow switching between extracerebral arteries (ECA) (163) were carried out. Short-term results of reconstructive operations showed that 96 % of outcomes were positive. Perioperative mortality at operations made 1.06 %. The general complications made 4.5 %, minor complications were observed in 21 patients (4.4 %). The five years survival rate of patients operated on ECA made 86 %, the main cause of death in recent follow-up period was a cardiac pathology (58 %), brain disorders made 15 %. Among dominating risk factors are coronary heart disease, previous transient ischemic attacks and residual neurologic impairment

Safety of modified stair climbing test in the early period of rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Aim: safety evaluation of modified stair climbing test in the physical rehabilitation program for patients with old acute myocardial infarction. Materials and methods. Score of physical rehabilitation indices, its effectiveness and safety, comparison of physical rehabilitation indices of patients with AMI without reperfusion treatment and patients who had reperfusion interventions (bare-metal stents - in 21 persons, fibrinolysis - 1 patient, fibrinolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention - 1 patient) were estimated for 43 patients (6 women and 37 men) with old AMI using modified loading tests (stair climbing test and test with six-minute's walk). Results. HR (heart rate) fell short of submaximum values during modified stair climbing test in patient population. The condition was monitored using continuous ECG monitoring apparatus «Kardiotekhnika-04» (СС «Incart», Saint-Petersburg) None of patients showed ischemic changes of ST-segment. No significant differences were revealed in exercise tolerance between patients with old acute myocardial infarction with Q-wave who experienced stenting and patients with acute myocardial infarction without Q-wave. Results of six-minute's step test after the hospital rehabilitation stage completion show exercise tolerance increasing. Conclusion. Modified stair climbing test conducting for intensification of physical rehabilitation using subjective control was safe in examined patient population. According to six-minute's step test results, the exercise tolerance increased during rehabilitation process

Компьютерное моделирование светодиодного осветителя с фоконной оптикой для видеопроектора

Computer modeling and research of various variants of construction of light-diode illuminators for single-matrix LCD-video projector using inconsistent optical components are performed. The use of such components enables to form a light beam with the necessary parameters to align with the subsequent optical system. Computer modeling has allowed presents the analysis and evaluate the performance of the system developed in the design phase, and in some cases, and optimize it.Выполнено компьютерное моделирование и исследование различных вариантов построения светодиодных осветителей для одноматричного LCD-видеопроектора с использованием непоследовательных оптических компонентов. Применение таких компонентов позволяет сформировать световой пучок с необходимыми параметрами для согласования с последующей оптической системой. Компьютерное моделирование позволило проанализировать и оценить характеристики разрабатываемой системы на этапе проектирования, а в некоторых случаях и оптимизировать ее

Experiment off diagnostics and treatment of primary cutaneous diffuse large В-cell lymphoma

The article provides a brief review of the literature about the incidence rate, classification, clinical manifestations, as well as modern methods of diagnostics and treatment of primary cutaneous diffuse large В-cell lymphomas. Here is also presented a case report.В статье представлен краткий обзор литературы о заболеваемости, классификации, клинических проявлениях, а также современных методах диагностики и лечения первичных кожных диффузных крупноклеточных В-клеточных лимфом. Описан клинический случай диагностики и лечения данной патологии