744 research outputs found
Temperature and moisture in highways in different climatic regions
The article represents the results of experimental research for temperature and moisture variations in pavements and subgrade of highways located in five different climatic regions, an analysis of cyclic freezing and thawing of a pavement. To measure temperature and moisture in pavements and subgrade the sensors have been used which allow making measurement of these characteristics simultaneously in the points of interest. The peculiarities of variation were analyzed for air temperature, temperature in pavements and subgrade in different regions in warm and cold 24 hours. The differences were established in distribution of temperature and moisture in pavements and subgrade in warm and cold 24 hours. To analyze cyclic freezing and thawing (FT) of a pavement the air temperature values have been used during twenty sequential winter seasons in six geographical points of Kazakhstan. The dependences were established for the number of FT cycles on duration and minimal temperature of the cycles
Decision Making for Inconsistent Expert Judgments Using Negative Probabilities
In this paper we provide a simple random-variable example of inconsistent
information, and analyze it using three different approaches: Bayesian,
quantum-like, and negative probabilities. We then show that, at least for this
particular example, both the Bayesian and the quantum-like approaches have less
normative power than the negative probabilities one.Comment: 14 pages, revised version to appear in the Proceedings of the QI2013
(Quantum Interactions) conferenc
Comparing theories: the dynamics of changing vocabulary. A case-study in relativity theory
There are several first-order logic (FOL) axiomatizations of special
relativity theory in the literature, all looking essentially different but
claiming to axiomatize the same physical theory. In this paper, we elaborate a
comparison, in the framework of mathematical logic, between these FOL theories
for special relativity. For this comparison, we use a version of mathematical
definability theory in which new entities can also be defined besides new
relations over already available entities. In particular, we build an
interpretation of the reference-frame oriented theory SpecRel into the
observationally oriented Signalling theory of James Ax. This interpretation
provides SpecRel with an operational/experimental semantics. Then we make
precise, "quantitative" comparisons between these two theories via using the
notion of definitional equivalence. This is an application of logic to the
philosophy of science and physics in the spirit of Johan van Benthem's work.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures. To appear in Springer Book series Trends in
Logi
Twin Paradox and the logical foundation of relativity theory
We study the foundation of space-time theory in the framework of first-order
logic (FOL). Since the foundation of mathematics has been successfully carried
through (via set theory) in FOL, it is not entirely impossible to do the same
for space-time theory (or relativity). First we recall a simple and streamlined
FOL-axiomatization SpecRel of special relativity from the literature. SpecRel
is complete with respect to questions about inertial motion. Then we ask
ourselves whether we can prove usual relativistic properties of accelerated
motion (e.g., clocks in acceleration) in SpecRel. As it turns out, this is
practically equivalent to asking whether SpecRel is strong enough to "handle"
(or treat) accelerated observers. We show that there is a mathematical
principle called induction (IND) coming from real analysis which needs to be
added to SpecRel in order to handle situations involving relativistic
acceleration. We present an extended version AccRel of SpecRel which is strong
enough to handle accelerated motion, in particular, accelerated observers.
Among others, we show that the Twin Paradox becomes provable in AccRel, but it
is not provable without IND.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure
Extending Listâs levels
Christian List (NoĂťs, forthcoming, 2018, [24]) has recently proposed a category-theoretic model of a system of levels, applying it to various pertinent metaphysical questions. We modify and extend this framework to correct some minor defects and better adapt it to application in philosophy of science. This includes a richer use of category theoretic ideas and some illustrations using social choice theory
Axiomatizing relativistic dynamics without conservation postulates
A part of relativistic dynamics (or mechanics) is axiomatized by simple and
purely geometrical axioms formulated within first-order logic. A geometrical
proof of the formula connecting relativistic and rest masses of bodies is
presented, leading up to a geometric explanation of Einstein's famous .
The connection of our geometrical axioms and the usual axioms on the
conservation of mass, momentum and four-momentum is also investigated.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
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