The Relation between Approximation in Distribution and Shadowing in Molecular Dynamics

Molecular dynamics refers to the computer simulation of a material at the atomic level. An open problem in numerical analysis is to explain the apparent reliability of molecular dynamics simulations. The difficulty is that individual trajectories computed in molecular dynamics are accurate for only short time intervals, whereas apparently reliable information can be extracted from very long-time simulations. It has been conjectured that long molecular dynamics trajectories have low-dimensional statistical features that accurately approximate those of the original system. Another conjecture is that numerical trajectories satisfy the shadowing property: that they are close over long time intervals to exact trajectories but with different initial conditions. We prove that these two views are actually equivalent to each other, after we suitably modify the concept of shadowing. A key ingredient of our result is a general theorem that allows us to take random elements of a metric space that are close in distribution and embed them in the same probability space so that they are close in a strong sense. This result is similar to the Strassen-Dudley Theorem except that a mapping is provided between the two random elements. Our results on shadowing are motivated by molecular dynamics but apply to the approximation of any dynamical system when initial conditions are selected according to a probability measure.Comment: 21 pages, final version accepted in SIAM Dyn Sy

Representativeness Bias Dan Demografi Dalam Membuat Keputusan Keuangan

Financial decision making is always related to the need of information, however in processing information an individu cannot be fully rational because individu often uses the representatives bias. The research was aimed to indicatewhether any tendency experiencing the representative bias and to analysis whether demography factors, includes gender, marital status, and age who those experiencing representative bias. The research sample was the postgraduate students of Satya Wacana Christian University of Salatiga by amount 86 samples.Data were acquired by distributing the questioners. The result of the study showed that majority of respondent have the tendency in experiencing the representative bias, while in demography factors includes gender, marital status, and age category showed that none of the factors experience the representative bias

Penggunaan Facebook Oleh Investor

: Penggunaan Facebook oleh Investor. The purpose of this study is to give additional evidence of the negative impacts of the use of Facebook as a social networking between investors in making investment decisions and how to reduce it. The results showed that the use of Facebook leads to the formation of erroneous beliefs that tend to make bias investment decisions. At the end of the study, it was described how to reduce them

Analisis Literasi Ekonomi

: Analysis of Economic Literacy. The aim of this research is as an effort to increase economic literacy for individuals and households who want to achieve prosperity. Therefore, the obligation of improving the economic literacy needs to be done in a well-planned manner and come from the strong intention to learn in order to improve the economic literacy. It could have an effect on the assets accumulation, a better debt management, as a protection, as well as to increase savings and managing spending intelligently

Wealth Management Untuk Pensiun Yang Sejahtera

: Wealth Management for a Prosperous Retirement. Everybody expects a prosperous retirement. Therefore, a suitable wealth management is necessary. The results of the analysis found that the appropriate wealth management is able to increase the opportunities for having a prosperous retirement. A cash flow management is one alternative that can be applied. This paper discusses some approaches to manage a cash flow appropriately

The main transition in the Pink membrane model: finite-size scaling and the influence of surface roughness

We consider the main transition in single-component membranes using computer simulations of the Pink model [D. Pink {\it et al.}, Biochemistry {\bf 19}, 349 (1980)]. We first show that the accepted parameters of the Pink model yield a main transition temperature that is systematically below experimental values. This resolves an issue that was first pointed out by Corvera and co-workers [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 47}, 696 (1993)]. In order to yield the correct transition temperature, the strength of the van der Waals coupling in the Pink model must be increased; by using finite-size scaling, a set of optimal values is proposed. We also provide finite-size scaling evidence that the Pink model belongs to the universality class of the two-dimensional Ising model. This finding holds irrespective of the number of conformational states. Finally, we address the main transition in the presence of quenched disorder, which may arise in situations where the membrane is deposited on a rough support. In this case, we observe a stable multi-domain structure of gel and fluid domains, and the absence of a sharp transition in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: submitted to PR

Pengaruh Kecerdasan Spiritual Terhadap Pengelolaan Keuangan Pribadi

Personal financial management latterly can't be ignored as time previous, because influence achievement personal’s welfare. This research is aimed to know spiritual's intelligence influence to personal financial management. The sample ofthis research was the psychology graduate students of Satya Wacana Christian University of Salatiga. Data were acquired by distributing the questioners. The result of the study showed that spiritual's intelligence having for positive but notsignificant to personal financial management

Optimal Diabatic Bases Via Thermodynamic Bounds

Describing kinetic processes within a perturbation theory approach such as Fermi's golden rule requires an understanding of the initial and final states of the system. A number of different methods have been proposed for obtaining these diabatic-like states, but a robust criterion for evaluating their accuracy has not been established. Here, we approach the problem of determining the most appropriate set of diabatic states for use in incoherent rate expressions. We develop a method that rotates an initial set of diabats into an optimized set beginning with a zeroth-order diabatic Hamiltonian and choosing the rotation that minimizes the effect of non-diabatic terms on the thermodynamic free energy. The Gibbs-Bogoliubov (GB) bound on the Helmholtz free energy is thus used as the diabatic criterion. We first derive the GB free energy for a two site system and then find an expression general for any electronic system Hamiltonian. Efficient numerical methods are used to perform the minimization subject to orthogonality constraints, and we examine the resulting diabats for system Hamiltonians in various parameter regimes. The transition from localized to delocalized states is clearly seen in these calculations, and some interesting features are discussed.United States. Dept. of Energy (DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46474