Crystal structure of 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridinium 4-aminobenzoate dihydrate

Acknowledgements The authors thank SAIF, IIT, Madras for thedata collection.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Removal of Phosphorous in Waste Water using Natural Coagulants

This study aims to explore the feasibility of employing natural coagulants like Cassia alata, Calotropis procera, Hyacinth bean, Banana leaves, Carica Papaya, Acacia mearnsii, Jatropha curcas cactus, tamarind seeds, and watermelon seeds for reducing the content of red phosphorus in industrial wastewater. A series of batch coagulation tests were performed to determine the optimal dosage of coagulants for the purpose of eliminating red phosphorus from the wastewater. The efficacy of each chosen coagulant in removing red phosphorus was depicted graphically. Among the various coagulants evaluated, Hyacinth bean exhibited the highest efficacy in reducing red phosphorus content (75%), surpassing the performance of casuarina leaves and banana leaves. On the other hand, tamarind seeds demonstrated the least effective removal of red phosphorus from the wastewater, achieving a removal rate of 56%. Notably, Hyacinth bean stands out as a potential coagulant for effective removal of red phosphorus, offering promising results akin to its capability in aiding blood clot clearance. By maintaining a pH level of 8 and employing a coagulant dosage of 20 ml, alongside initial and final red phosphorus concentrations of 4372.5 mg/lit and 1072.5 mg/lit respectively, with mixing and settling times of 30 and 45 minutes, the study achieved a significant percentage of red phosphorus removal efficiency

Cloning and sequencing of α-2u globulin of rat preputial gland to assess its longevity in the context of developing an effective rodent trap

433-438α-2u globulin, a pheromone binding protein found majorly in the preputial gland, was reported to involve in chemo-communication of rats. The biosynthesis of this pheromone binding protein is under complex multihormonal control and its regulation takes place at transcription level. Assessing and increasing the longevity of this protein may retain the volatility of pheromone. So far nearly 20 isoforms of α-2u globulin in rat have been studied. The present study was aimed to extend the longevity of pheromone compound by cloning and sequencing of the mRNA which codes for α-2u globulin in the preputial gland of Rattus novergicus. Unexpectedly, this study resulted in a new isoform, which is similar in function with α-2u globulin protein with some different exons removed. Further analysis with this isoform may pave a way for rodent pest management

Arribazón de medusa azul Porpita porpita en las playas de Visakhapatnam, India (Bahía occidental de Bengala)

Porpita porpita occurs in the tropical and sub-tropical waters of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and the mass numbers of stranded colonies seem to be increasing. Although its presence in Indian waters is minimal, this is the first record ever made of P. porpita in Visakhapatnam coastal waters. The present study provided a detailed description of the species and its global distribution. Further, the perceived increase in gelatinous zooplankton blooms in the observed area indicates that jellyfish can negatively affect fisheries because they compete with zooplanktivorous fish, prey upon fish eggs and larvae, and indirectly compete with higher trophic levels by reducing the plankton available to planktivores. Conversely, jellyfishes also play a vital role in regulating global marine plankton food webs, spatio-temporal dynamics, and biomass, which is a role that has been generally neglected so far.Porpita porpita se encuentra en las aguas tropicales y subtropicales de los océanos Pacífico, Atlántico e Índico, y el número masivo de colonias varadas parece estar aumentando. Aunque su presencia en las aguas de la India es mínima, este es el primer registro de P. porpita en las aguas costeras de Visakhapatnam. El presente estudio proporcionó una descripción detallada de la especie y su distribución global. Además, el aumento percibido en las floraciones de zooplancton gelatinoso en el área observada, indica que las medusas pueden afectar negativamente a las pesquerías porque compiten con los peces zooplanctívoros, se alimentan de huevos y larvas de peces, e indirectamente compiten con niveles tróficos más altos al reducir el plancton disponible para los planctívoros. Por el contrario, las medusas también juegan un papel vital en la regulación de las redes alimentarias del plancton marino global, la dinámica espacio-temporal y la biomasa, un papel que generalmente se ha descuidado hasta ahora.  

Texture and mineralogy of beach sediments of Chavara and Manavalakurichi, South India - A comparative analysis

203-211Chavara and Manavalakurichi are the two important areas with heavy mineral deposits in India. Surface samples were collected from five locations, each from Chavara and Manavalakurichi, and were analyzed for their textural parameters and mineralogy. Sediments from both regions are characteristically fine and medium sand. Chavara (CH) sands are moderately well sorted, whereas Manavalakurichi (MK) sands are moderately sorted to moderately well sorted sediments. Linear discriminate functions (LDF) calculated using the textural parameters show deposition environments of aeolian and shallow marine. Ilmenite predominantly exists along with other heavy minerals such as zircon, sillimanite, rutile, monazite, leucoxene, and garnet. The heavy minerals show an increasing trend towards, but its grain size becomes finer and well sorted. The berm and upper foreshore regions shows high concentration of heavy minerals

Experimental investigation of coconut shell charcoal and boron carbide/zirconium dioxide in aluminium 7075 matrix composites under varying operating conditions: a comparative analysis

This study focused on investigating the influence of varying weight percentages of coconut shell charcoal (CSC) on the physical, mechanical, and wear properties of aluminum 7075 (Al-7075) matrix composites reinforced by boron carbide (B _4 C) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO _2 ). Throughout the study, these composites were prepared with a constant 3 wt% B _4 C/ZrO _2 . The developed composites were then subjected to the tribological analysis using a pin-on-disc apparatus under a constant sliding speed (2000 m), a sliding distance (4 m s ^−1 ), and varying operating temperatures (room temperature, 150, 200, and 250 °C). The worn-out surfaces of the composites were examined using a magnified scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the microstructural analysis and wear behavior. The composites containing 3% B _4 C/ZrO _2 and 3% CSC exhibited the highest hardness and wear resistance among the studied composites. The incorporation of CSC increased the density and porosity of the composites up to a 3 wt%, but at 4 wt%, a decrease was observed. It is worth noting that the B-series samples had slightly lower hardness values compared to the Z-series samples. Regarding the effect of temperature, the wear rate decreased as the temperature increased. The Al-7075/ZrO _2 /CSC composite demonstrated improved wear resistance and coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the Al-7075/B _4 C/CSC composite, with respective enhancements of 19.30% and 42.19%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the significant impact of CSC weight fraction on wear for both composites, whereas only the Al-7075/ZrO _2 /CSC composites showed significance for COF. The SEM analysis revealed that the addition of CSC resulted in a uniform distribution of particles within the matrix, leading to improved wear resistance. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the addition of CSC influenced the density, porosity, hardness, wear resistance, and COF in the Al-7075 matrix composites. Optimal performance was achieved with a 3 wt% CSC for Al-7075/ZrO _2 /CSC at 250 °C. The composites developed in this study, comprising boron carbide (B _4 C)- and zirconium dioxide (ZrO _2 )-reinforced aluminum 7075 (Al-7075) matrix with varying weight percentages of CSC, have several potential applications such as in the fields of automotive, aerospace, defense, and industrial machinery

Nutritional properties of the rainbow crab Cardisoma rotundum (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) from Puducherry, Southeast coast of India

173-179Present study deals with biochemical composition of rainbow crab Cardisoma rotundum was collected from Pondicherry region. The results of proximate composition in C.rotundum showed the percentage of protein was high 24.14%, followed by carbohydrate 9.34%, lipid 7.85%, moisture 37.99% and ash 20.70%. Totally ten essential amino acids were analysed. Lycine was found to be the more which constituted 0.763 mg. Valine contributed low in the body tissues (0.165 mg). Non-essential amino acids also ten acids were found. Glutamic acid was found more (0.874 mg) and the Asparagine observed very low with constituted 0.138 mg. Stearic acid was observed in high quantity of fatty acids (8.26 mg) and Linolenic acid was low quantity of fatty acids (1.72 mg) recorded. Among the minerals, calcium (216.8 mg) was observed as a major element and copper (0.36 mg) as the minor

Performance and Emission Characteristics on Biodiesel Fueled Engine with Influence of Effect of 2-Methoxy Ethyl Acetate (Additive)

Abstract: Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel or in combination with petroleum diesel for environmental benefits. In this study, the biodiesel used is Jatropha oil, which is manufactured from jatropha curus by transesterification process using KOH as catalyst. The performances and emission characteristics of 2-methoxyethyl acetate an oxygenating additives mixed with B20 (20% of biodiesel +80% of diesel)in various proportion are analysed in Kirloskar TV-1 engine. A minor increase in brake thermal efficiency with significant improvement in reduction of smoke density, hydrocarbon (HC), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) compared to diesel.Iit has also little effect on reduction of NO X and CO. The use of transesterified Jatropha oil and its blend will reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and also decreases considerably the environment pollution