FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CELECOXIB NANOEMULGEL

Objective: The main objective of this experiment was to prepare and optimized celecoxib nanoemulgel. This formulation can be used for acuterheumatoid arthritis patients.Methods: Celecoxib is a poorly water soluble drug. We prepared celecoxib nanoemulgel to improve intrinsic solubility of celecoxib and enhancedeeper permeation throughout the skin. After several screening, the combination of acetonitrile, triacetin, campul 908P was considered for oil phase;acconon MC8-2EP as surfactant, and capmul MCM C-10 as a co-surfactant accordingly. As per Box-Behnken surface design model, optimization wasdone for all the 13 formulations.Results: Based on pseudo ternary plot, it was found that 4:1 Smix ratio was optimum and possessed maximum drug solubility. Further, screeningshown, 0.25-0.75% carbopol-940 can be a stable candidate for hydrogel preparation. Prepared nanoemulsions and hydrogels were admixed to preparenanoemulgel. Based on overlay plot, EG14* formulation was consider as optimum one, and various evaluation parameters were performed along withother formulations. Using Franz diffusion cell, in-vitro diffusion studies was performed. Almost all the formulations produces good qualitative drugrelease profile. The EG14* shown 95.50% drug release after 12th hrs with standard Higuchi plot (R2 value 0.9989). The optimum viscosity was foundto be 521±0.81 mPas at 100 rpm. The appearance of the formulations was milky, yellowish white with expectable pH ranged from 5.8 to 6.7. Theoptimized formulation has good spreadability coefficient, good ex-vivo diffusion enhancement factor (3.03) as compare to marketed gel. Mostly, ourformulations have less skin irritation and higher anti-inflammatory activity (92.56% of inhibition of paw edema for EG14*).Conclusion: From the thermodynamic studies, it was confirmed that EG14* maintained excellent stability profile in various heating-cooling cycle,centrifugation, and freeze-thaw cycle condition. Hence, it can be conclude that, our formulation, can be consider for pilot scale up

Spin-Hall effect and circular birefringence of a uniaxial crystal plate

The linear birefringence of uniaxial crystal plates is known since the 17th century, and it is widely used in numerous optical setups and devices. Here we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, a fine lateral circular birefringence of such crystal plates. This effect is a novel example of the spin-Hall effect of light, i.e., a transverse spin-dependent shift of the paraxial light beam transmitted through the plate. The well-known linear birefringence and the new circular birefringence form an interesting analogy with the Goos-H\"anchen and Imbert-Fedorov beam shifts that appear in the light reflection at a dielectric interface. We report the experimental observation of the effect in a remarkably simple system of a tilted half-wave plate and polarizers using polarimetric and quantum-weak-measurement techniques for the beam-shift measurements. In view of great recent interest in spin-orbit interaction phenomena, our results could find applications in modern polarization optics and nano-photonics.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Optic

Study the accuracy of salivary ferning test as a predictor of ovulation

Background: Women probably spent much of their adult life avoiding getting pregnant but when they are actively trying for a baby, it may be taking a little longer time than they hoped. So it is important for the women to know when they are ovulating. Recently, a small hand held microscope (KNOWHEN ovulation microscope) has been developed for the purpose of self-observing ferning patterns in saliva during female fertile period. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the accuracy of salivary ferning test by KNOWHEN ovulation microscope to predict the ovulation and to detect sensitivity and specificity of salivary ferning test and to correlate the salivary ferning with cervical mucus and Trans vaginal sonographic findings (TVS).Methods: This was a prospective observational type of study conducted on all healthy married women volunteers age between 21–40 years attending gynec OPD in sola civil hospital, Ahmedabad, with regular menstrual cycle From April 2016 to September 2016.Results: Salivary ferning test by KNOWHEN ovulation microscope is accurate method of detecting ovulation. Its accuracy was 86.5%.Conclusions: Salivary ferning test is a reliable test to detect fertile period of menstrual cycle. Hence can be use for monitoring ovulation instead of ultrasonography where facility of ultrasonography will not available. Detection of salivary ferning by KNOWHEN microscope has same accuracy as laboratory microscope. KNOWHEN microscope can be use by patient herself to detect fertile period

Super-Resolution Technique for MRI Images Using Artificial Neural Network

Image upscaling is an important field of digital image processing. It is often required to create higher resolution images from the lower resolution images at hand in computer graphics, media devices, satellite imagery etc. Upscaling is also referred to as ?single image super-resolution'. The process is a tradeoff between efficiency, time and the quality of output images obtained. Images with higher quality are needed and are essential in many areas like medical, astronomy, surveillance, satellite imaging etc. In medical imaging, images are obtained for medical investigative purposes and for providing information about the important diagnosis instrument to determine the presence of certain diseases. Many techniques like PET (Positron Emission Tomography), CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) in the medical field are used for detecting diseases. Generally, medical images suffer from low resolution, High level of noise and blur type of factors. In the present paper, a feed forward neural network using supervised training for image upscaling is proposed. The performance of a neural network is compared to different training function & measure PSNR

Comparison of various method of fetal birth weight estimation in term pregnancy

Introduction: Knowledge of fetal weight in utero is vital for the obstetrician in deciding whether or not to deliver the fetus as well as in fixing the mode of delivery. Both low birth weight and excessive fetal weight at delivery are associated with increased risk of newborn complications during labor and the puerperium. Various clinical formulae like Johnson's formula & Dare's formula and USG are in use for fetal weight estimation.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the fetal weight in term pregnancies by various methods- Dare’s formula, Johnson's formula and Hadlock's formula using ultrasound, and to compare the methods after knowing the actual weight of the baby after birth.Methods: It is a prospective observational study of 227 women at term pregnancy at GMERS medical college & Hospital, sola , Ahmedabad from April 2014 to April 2016. The formulas used in this study are: Johnson's formula, Dare’s formula and Hadlock-4 formula using ultrasound.Result: Results vary in terms of accuracy with various methods employed for estimating the fetal weight. This study showed that Hadlock-4 was the best indicator among all other methods assessed followed by Dare’s formula.Conclusion: Whenever the Facility is available, Ultrasound is the best method for birth weight assessment. Dare’s formula is an inexpensive method for screening for fetal growth restriction. It continues to be used in many countries on large scale because of its low cost, ease of use, and need for little training as the setup for ultrasonographic evaluation is not readily available in rural setups

EXPLORING LIPID-BASED DRUG DELIVERY IN CANCER THERAPY VIA LIPOSOMAL FORMULATIONS

In many countries across the world, cancer is a leading cause of death. Cancer is the biggest cause of death worldwide, with approximately 10 million fatalities expected in 2020, accounting for nearly one in every six deaths. Mutations in ~300 human genes can unleash cell division, potentially leading to cancer. The effectiveness of existing conventional therapies for a number of cancers is, however, inefficient in terms of safety and efficacy. Medication systems based on lipid can be configured to treat tumors passively with increasing safety by reducing toxicity and increasing efficacy by target drug delivery. Lipid-based drug dosage form is the new identified technological design to overcome problems such as water-soluble solubility and bioavailability. A wide range of product specifications determined by indication of disease, route of administration, price evaluation, safety, toxicity, and efficiency could be customized to lipid formulations. This analysis explores the current state of lipid drug delivery studies, including the production of cancer liposomes, different cancer-focused strategies, and liposomal formulation of numerous anti-cancer drugs

Targeting the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in Traumatic Central Nervous System Injury

The mitochondrion serves many functions in the central nervous system (CNS) and other organs beyond the well-recognized role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. This includes calcium-dependent cell signaling, regulation of gene expression, synthesis and release of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, and the release of cytochrome c and other apoptotic cell death factors. Traumatic injury to the CNS results in a rapid and, in some cases, sustained loss of mitochondrial function. One consequence of compromised mitochondrial function is induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) state due to formation of the cyclosporine A sensitive permeability transition pore (mPTP). In this mini-review, we summarize evidence supporting the involvement of the mPTP as a mediator of mitochondrial and cellular demise following CNS traumatic injury and discuss the beneficial effects and limitations of the current ex-perimental strategies targeting the mPTP

Evaluation of outcome following clamp assisted mini open reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nailing of subtrochanteric femoral fractures

Background: Subtrochanteric fractures of the proximal femur have been defined as the fractures extending from lesser trochanter distally for 5 cm. These fractures usually occur in two age distributions. In the elderly osteopenic population resulting from trivial trauma as fall from standing height or in the younger ones as a result of high energy trauma. Incidence has been on the rise and they comprise about 7 to 10% hip fractures and could lead quickly to large amount of blood loss and other complications.Methods: This is a multicentric prospective prognostic study level 1 consisting of 25 patients admitted in government civil hospital, Ahmedabad during April 2013 to May 2015 having high subtrochanteric femur fractures treated by clamp assisted reduction and intramedullary nailing. Out of these, 20 patients (80%) came for final follow up with average follow up of 11.5 months and evaluated for union, complication and functional outcome.Results: In our study final outcome is assessed based on hip outcome score (modified) based on which 85% had excellent outcome, 10% had good outcome and 5% had fair outcome with none of the patient having poor outcome.Conclusions: We found that clamp-assisted reduction and intramedullary nail fixation provides excellent reduction quality, high rate of fracture union, with no apparent increase in complications in subtrochanteric fractures of the femur.

Clinical spectrum and subtype distribution of Non‑Hodgkin’s Lymphoma based on the World Health Organization classification of tumors of lymphoid tissues (2017): an analysis from a tertiary care center in Western India

Objective: The subtype distribution and clinical profile of Non‑Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) show a wide variation in the different geographical locations. There is paucity of data regarding this from Western India. This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical spectrum and distribution of NHL subtypes at a tertiary care hospital of Western India. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 2 years among 178 NHL patients of all ages. Clinical evaluation and investigations including histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry of involved tissue, bone marrow examination, and other relevant tests were performed. Cases were categorized according to World Health Organization classification of tumours of lymphoid tissues (2017). Results: There was a male preponderance (66.3%), and the commonest age group affected was 41-50 years (24.1%). The predominant symptom was neck swelling (51.1%), and the commonest sign was lymphadenopathy (70.2%), cervical lymph nodes being the most commonly involved (51.1%). Extra‑nodal involvement was seen in 37.6% patients, the head‑and‑neck being the most commonly involved site (16.3%). Majority of the NHLs were B-cell lymphomas (75.3%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the commonest subtype (36.5%) followed by peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (10.7%). Pediatric NHL comprised of 11.2% of NHL, T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) being the commonest subtype (25%). Conclusions: Our analysis confirmed findings of various previous studies from India with few key differences. Mantle cell lymphoma had marginally higher frequency than follicular lymphoma, and was the second commonest B-cell NHL. Burkitt’s lymphoma had lower frequency than T-LBL in children, and was the second commonest childhood NHL