Industry 4.0-Based Framework for Real-Time Prediction of Output Power of Multi-Emitter Laser Modules during the Assembly Process

Data Availability Statement: Data sharing not applicable. The datasets are not publicly available due to confidentiality.Copyright © 2023 by the authors. The challenges of defects in manufacturing and assembly processes in optoelectronic industry continue to persist. Defective products cause increased time to completion (cycle time), energy consumption, cost, and loss of precious material. A complex laser assembly process is studied with the aim of minimising the generation of defective laser modules. Subsequently, relevant data were gathered to investigate machine learning and artificial intelligence methods to predict the output beam power of the module during the assembly process. The assembly process was divided into a number of chain steps, where we implemented a bespoke framework of hybrid feature selection method alongside artificial neural networks (ANNs) to formulate the statistical inferences. A review of existing learning methods in manufacturing and assembly processes enabled us to select XGBoost and random forest regression (RFR) as the two methods to be compared with ANN, based on their capabilities; ANN outperformed both of them, as it avoided overfitting and scored similar test metrics in the majority of the assembly steps. The results of the proposed solution have been validated in a real production dataset, even showing good predictive capability in the early steps of the assembly process where the available information is limited. Furthermore, the transferability of the framework was validated by applying the proposed framework to another product that follows a similar assembly process. The results indicated that the proposed framework has the potential to serve as the foundation for further research on laser modules’ sophisticated and multi-step assembly linesIQONIC project, which received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 820677

The synergism between DHODH inhibitors and dipyridamole leads to metabolic lethality in acute myeloid leukemia

Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, whose inhibition can induce differentiation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). DHODH inhibitors had shown promising in vitro and in vivo activity on solid tumors, but their effectiveness was not confirmed in clinical trials, probably because cancer cells exploited the pyrimidine salvage pathway to survive. Here, we investigated the antileukemic activity of MEDS433, the DHODH inhibitor developed by our group, against AML. Learning from previous failures, we mimicked human conditions (performing experiments in the presence of physiological uridine plasma levels) and looked for synergic combinations to boost apoptosis, including classical antileukemic drugs and dipyridamole, a blocker of the pyrimidine salvage pathway. MEDS433 induced apoptosis in multiple AML cell lines, not only as a consequence of differentiation, but also directly. Its combination with antileukemic agents further increased the apoptotic rate, but when experiments were performed in the presence of physiological uridine concentrations, results were less impressive. Conversely, the combination of MEDS433 with dipyridamole induced metabolic lethality and differentiation in all AML cell lines; this extraordinary synergism was confirmed on AML primary cells with different genetic backgrounds and was unaffected by physiological uridine concentrations, predicting in human activity

Supercharged internal-combustion engine

A supercharged internal-combustion engine, comprising a turbocharger, a supercherging duct connecting an outlet of the turbocherger to an intake manifold of the engine, an intercooler in series with the supercharging duct for cooling the supercharging air of the engine, and a forced-ventilation device for cooling the supercharging duct; the device comprises at least one ducting having an inlet aperture facing a fan and an outlet aperture facing a portion of the supercharging duct

Supercharged internal-combustion engine

A supercharged internal-combustion engine, comprising a turbocharger, a supercherging duct connecting an outlet of the turbocherger to an intake manifold of the engine, an intercooler in series with the supercharging duct for cooling the supercharging air of the engine, and a forced-ventilation device for cooling the supercharging duct; the device comprises at least one ducting having an inlet aperture facing a fan and an outlet aperture facing a portion of the supercharging duct

Function-based selective and adaptive cyber-physical assembly system for increased quality in optoelectronics industry

Recent advances in smart manufacturing technologies combined with the growing emphasis on zero-defect manufacturing paradigm set a premium on defect mitigation strategies in low-volume production systems. Assemblies for high-tech, high-variety products are becoming more complex, necessitating the need for in-line inspection, prediction, and prevention mechanisms; since the state-of-art end-of-line quality gates are error-prone due to accumulation of variability and errors from heterogeneous sources, originating in upstream process stages. This paper proposes a dynamic function-oriented selective and adaptive assembly based on Cyber-Physical System (CPS) capabilities in order to meet changing product quality standards while enhancing the flexibility of the underlying strategy. A real-case study in optoelectronics industry is used to test and validate the method, highlighting the major benefits of the suggested methodology in terms of final product quality

The control of the vehicles at the border between France and Italy: an analysis of the respect of EU legislation on animal transport.

The data presented come from administrative controls carried out by the veterinarians of the UVAC at the border between France and Italy (A32 of the Frejus) from the January of 2001 to April of 2005. During this period 136 vehicles transporting cattle and 27 vehicles transporting pigs were examined. On the basis of the stated destination, all vehicles were involved in journeys exceeding 8 hours. The administrative controls referred to the Italian legislation which effects the EU Directives 91/628/CE, 95/29/CE and 97/12/CE and to the EU Regulations n. 1255/97 and n. 411/98. The recorded violations were classified with respect to the vehicle, to the animal and to the accompanying documentation. The first group of violations included the absence of watering devices, partitions, ventilation system, bedding, lighting as well as the height of the decks and the possibility to approach the animals. The second group, which refers to the animal, includes insufficient space allowance, incorrect tying, incorrect mixing, no available water and injured and/or dead animals. The third group concerns irregularities of health certificates and of journey planning. The frequencies of violations were calculated taking into account the above classification. The incidences of violations observed regarding the vehicle, the animal and the documents were respectively equal to 44.1%, 32.5% and 23.4% for cattle transportations and 55.9%, 24.4% and 19.7% for pig transportations. The absence of partitions for cattle and the lack of watering devices for pigs were, respectively, the more frequent violations recorded on the vehicles. The overloading and the absence of the estimate of the journey duration were the more frequent irregularities observed for both cattle and pig transportations referring to the animal and accompanying documentation