荻生徂徠の市民社会（政談）

It was Sorai\u27s conclusion after long studies of Chinese and Japanese history and after a 60-year long life that political disorder emanates from impoverishment. Prosperity is what makes a state live on, while impoverishment spells the downfall of a state. It was because the institutions had been beneficial in early China that impoverishment had not appeared and that the dynasties had lasted for more than 500 years. With a correct seido Sorai envisages that the Tokugawa state will also be prosperous and last for as long. With this in mind he wrote his memorandum, in which he described the sad situation and presented Shogun Yoshimune with numerous proposals for political and economic reforms.The paper finally compares the institutions which Sorai envisaged to be the correct ones on the go-board of Japan with the institutions which developed in Europe about the same time

Dyonic Giant Magnons in CP^3: Strings and Curves at Finite J

This paper studies giant magnons in AdS_4 x CP^3 using both the string sigma-model and the algebraic curve. We complete the dictionary of solutions by finding the dyonic generalisation of the CP^1 string solution, which matches the `small' giant magnon in the algebraic curve, and by pointing out that the solution recently constructed by the dressing method is the `big' giant magnon. We then use the curve to compute finite-J corrections to all cases, which for the non-dyonic cases always match the AFZ result. For the dyonic RP^3 magnon we recover the S^5 answer, but for the `small' and `big' giant magnons we obtain new corrections.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. v2 adds note on breather solution, and minor clarification

招待発表（1） 『風流使者記』から『峡中紀行』へ ―荻生徂徠の紀行文学―

In 1706 Ogyū Sorai went for his lord, Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu, to Kai Province. During the journey he wrote a travel chronicle, together with his companion Tanaka Shōgo, which was presented to Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu upon return to Edo. Four years later (1710) Ogyū Sorai revised this chronicle, made it shorter, and gave it the title Kyōchūkikō. The title of the first version was Fūryūshishaki.The Fūryūshishaki and Kyōchūkikō were Ogyū Sorai\u27s first literary works. Before 1706 we do not find much written by him. In a certain sense they were also his last literary works. Most of his later writings were in philosophy, political science, military matters, and other academic fields. At 40 years of age Ogyū Sorai began his literary career by writing a travelogue in which he showed his rich personality as in no later academic work. Unfortunately, he never again tried his hand at this sort of literature.In the study of Ogyū Sorai the Fūryūshishaki and the Kyōchūkikō are the natural starting-point. From there one can continue with his philosophical works and perhaps finish with his political work Seidan, which he wrote late in life

Flight Speeds among Bird Species: Allometric and Phylogenetic Effects

Flight speed is expected to increase with mass and wing loading among flying animals and aircraft for fundamental aerodynamic reasons. Assuming geometrical and dynamical similarity, cruising flight speed is predicted to vary as (body mass)1/6 and (wing loading)1/2 among bird species. To test these scaling rules and the general importance of mass and wing loading for bird flight speeds, we used tracking radar to measure flapping flight speeds of individuals or flocks of migrating birds visually identified to species as well as their altitude and winds at the altitudes where the birds were flying. Equivalent airspeeds (airspeeds corrected to sea level air density, Ue) of 138 species, ranging 0.01–10 kg in mass, were analysed in relation to biometry and phylogeny. Scaling exponents in relation to mass and wing loading were significantly smaller than predicted (about 0.12 and 0.32, respectively, with similar results for analyses based on species and independent phylogenetic contrasts). These low scaling exponents may be the result of evolutionary restrictions on bird flight-speed range, counteracting too slow flight speeds among species with low wing loading and too fast speeds among species with high wing loading. This compression of speed range is partly attained through geometric differences, with aspect ratio showing a positive relationship with body mass and wing loading, but additional factors are required to fully explain the small scaling exponent of Ue in relation to wing loading. Furthermore, mass and wing loading accounted for only a limited proportion of the variation in Ue. Phylogeny was a powerful factor, in combination with wing loading, to account for the variation in Ue. These results demonstrate that functional flight adaptations and constraints associated with different evolutionary lineages have an important influence on cruising flapping flight speed that goes beyond the general aerodynamic scaling effects of mass and wing loading