Biohydrogen: A life cycle assessment and comparison with alternative low-carbon production routes in UK

This study focuses on the production of hydrogen from municipal solid waste (MSW) for applications in transportation. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on a semi-commercial advanced gasification process for Biohydrogen (Bio-H2) production from MSW to evaluate its environmental impact on five impact categories: Climate Change, Acidification, Eutrophication Fresh Water, Ecotoxicity Freshwater and Photochemical Ozone Formation (human health). The biogenic composition of waste and the effect of carbon sequestration were analysed for Bio-H2, uncovering a net-negative carbon process. The counterfactual case of MSW incineration further bolsters the carbon savings associated to Bio-H2. The production of Bio-H2 from waste is proven to be competitive against alternative hydrogen productions routes, namely blue hydrogen (Blue-H2) produced via steam methane reforming/autothermal reforming coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS), and green hydrogen (Green-H2) from solar and offshore wind, with respect to climate change. These climate change advantages are shown to carry forward in the context of decarbonisation of electricity grid mix, as analysed by scenarios taken for 2030 and ‘net-zero’ 2050

PP271—Novel therapeutic strategy to prevent chemotherapy-induced persistent sensory neuropathy by TRPA1 blockade

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PP272—Migraine and parthenolide inhibition of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1

2013 e103 emerged as a major complication of bortezomib therapy, which usually appears in the first courses of therapy with a number of sensory and painful symptoms, including reduced threshold to mechanical and cold stimuli. No satisfactory explanation or effective treatment exists for bortezomib-evoked CIPN. Patients (or Materials) and Methods: In this study, we evaluated whether TRPA1 acted as a critical mediator of CIPN by bortezomib or oxaliplatin in a mouse model system. Results: Our data demonstrated that CIPN hypersensitivity phenotype that was stably established by bortezomib could be transiently reverted by systemic or local treatment with the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. A similar effect was produced by the oxidative stress scavenger α -lipoic acid. Notably, the CIPN phenotype was abolished completely in mice that were genetically deficient in TRPA1, highlighting its essential role. Administration of bortezomib or oxaliplatin, which also elicits TRPA1-dependent hypersensitivity, produced a rapid, transient increase in plasma of carboxy-methyllysine, a byproduct of oxidative stress. Short-term systemic treatment with either HC-030031 or α -lipoic acid could completely prevent hypersensitivity if administered before the cytotoxic drug. Conclusion: Our findings highlight a key role for early activation/ sensitization of TRPA1 by oxidative stress by-products in producing CIPN. Furthermore, they suggest prevention strategies for CIPN in patients through the use of early, short-term treatments with TRPA1 antagonists. Disclosure of Interest: None declared

The monitoring program of grapevine phytoplasmas in Tuscany (Italy): Results of a four year survey

Quantitative PCR protocols for phytoplasma detection were used to monitor grapevine yellows (GY) in 373 vineyards located in nine Tuscan districts. Among more than 70,000 plants visually monitored, 1.867 plants were sampled and “flavescence dorée” phytoplasmas (FD) were detected in 122 plants and mainly identified as trains belonging to 16SrV-C subgroup. The “bois noir” (BN) phytoplasma was found in 734 samples, with prevalence of tufB type-b strains. The 2013–2015 monitoring program was strongly influenced by the first survey (2012) in which FD was found consistently in the North West (15 samples), whereas only a few cases were observed in the East territory (2 samples). Both areas were thoroughly monitored in the following years: few foci were found in the East (2 in 2014, 1 in 2015), while several infected areas were found in the North West (6, 10 and 22 foci in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively). Definitely, the novel FD foci detected in the survey (17, 6, 12 and 23 in each year of survey) and the widespread of BN, suggest a dangerous distribution of GY in Tuscan

Co-gasification of beech-wood and polyethylene in a fluidized-bed reactor

The co-gasification of beech-wood and polyethylene has been investigated in a lab-scale fluidised-bed reactor in the presence of four different types of bed materials (silica sand, olivine, Na-Y zeolite and ZSM-5 zeolite). ZSM-5 zeolite is very effective as a catalytic bed material in fluidized-bed reactor for wood-only gasification and cogasification in terms of high hydrogen production and CGE. Na-Y zeolite is more effective compared with ZSM-5 zeolite in co-gasification of the beech-wood and polyethylene process. The catalytic activity in co-gasification of beech-wood and polyethylene can be ranked accordingly: Na-Y zeolite > ZSM-5 zeolite > olivine. In general, higher amounts of steam injected in the fluidized-bed reactor and more polyethylene would lead to higher hydrogen production in the co-gasification proces

Portable NIR spectroscopy: the route to green analytical chemistry

There is a growing interest for cost-effective and nondestructive analytical techniques in both research and application fields. The growing approach by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) pushes to develop handheld devices devoted to be easily applied for in situ determinations. Consequently, portable NIR spectrometers actually result definitively recognized as powerful instruments, able to perform nondestructive, online, or in situ analyses, and useful tools characterized by increasingly smaller size, lower cost, higher robustness, easy-to-use by operator, portable and with ergonomic profile. Chemometrics play a fundamental role to obtain useful and meaningful results from NIR spectra. In this review, portable NIRs applications, published in the period 2019–2022, have been selected to indicate starting references. These publications have been chosen among the many examples of the most recent applications to demonstrate the potential of this analytical approach which, not having the need for extraction processes or any other pre-treatment of the sample under examination, can be considered the “true green analytical chemistry” which allows the analysis where the sample to be characterized is located. In the case of industrial processes or plant or animal samples, it is even possible to follow the variation or evolution of fundamental parameters over time. Publications of specific applications in this field continuously appear in the literature, often in unfamiliar journal or in dedicated special issues. This review aims to give starting references, sometimes not easy to be found