Identification of Escherichia coli from potable water sources of Durg-Bhilai, Chhattisgarh (India), using 16S rRNA gene sequence Analysis

Potable water sources mainly municipal water and ground water (from tube wells) were studied for the presence of multidrug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli. A total of 11 isolates were obtained, eight from municipal water and three from tube well water. Antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA) showed that only two strains named EcPH2 and EcPul2 isolated from municipal tap waters were multidrug resistant (MDR). The strains were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis and similarity search showed isolate EcPH2 had 98% similarity and EcPul2 had 94% similarity to E. coli. The 16S rRNA sequences were submitted to Genbank with accession no. KC254645, KC254646 for isolate EcPH2 and isolate EcPul2 respectively

Studies on antibiotic resistance profiles of thermotolerant Escherichia coli and multiple antibiotic resistance index of different water sources

The rationale behind this study was that no clear data from Durg District is available on the antibiotic resistance profiles of E. coli, the most common pathogen of both humans and animals. Water being one of the most prevalent routes of transmission of E. coli, the present study aimed at isolation and characterization of the same from widely used water sources of Durg-Bhilai region. Thermotolerant E. coli (n=50) were isolated from municipal water, ground water, lake (Talpuri Talab), and river Shivnath. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexing was performed using antibiotics viz. amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cephotaxime, nalidixic acid, gentamycin and tetracycline. 85.4% of isolates showed resistance to 2 or more antibiotics. Resistance to three or more antibiotics (multidrug resistance) was shown by 24.4% of isolates. Plasmid bands ranging in size from 0.5 kb – 35 kb were present in 35 out of 50 isolates. Multiple plasmids were shown in 6 isolates. MAR index of isolates ranged from 0.11 to 0.55. 61% of isolates in this study had an index of 0.22, 14.63% had 0.44, 7.23% had 0.33 and 2.44% had 0.55. A high index of 0.79 was shown by River Shivnath followed by 0.2 by Talpuri Talab. The MAR index >0.2 is considered to originate from high risk source of contamination. High MAR indices of individual isolates and sampling sites in Durg-Bhilai region showed that water sources are contaminated with antibiotic resistant E. coli arising from high risk sources of contamination

Evolution of electromagnetic and Dirac perturbations around a black hole in Horava gravity

The evolution of electromagnetic and Dirac perturbations in the spacetime geometry of Kehagias-Sfetsos(KS) black hole in the deformed Horava-Lifshitz(HL) gravity is investigated and the associated quasinormal modes are evaluated using time domain integration and WKB methods. We find a considerable deviation in the nature of field evolution in HL theory from that in the Schwarzschild spacetime and QNMs region extends over a longer time in HL theory before the power-law tail decay begins. The dependence of the field evolution on the HL parameter $\alpha$ are studied. In the time domain picture we find that the length of QNM region increases with $\alpha$. But the late time decay of field follows the same power-law tail behavior as in the case of Schwarzschild black hole.Comment: The article was fully rewritten, references added, to appear in MPL

Preliminary report on a reconnaissance survey of the major coastal and marine ecosystems in Gulf of Kutch

The region of Gulf of Kutch was possibly more an arid zone in the pleistocene, almost approaching to a desert condition, than what it is at present. The gulf is believed to be the result of a wide indentation or subsidence that allowed encroachment of the sea in the geological past. The whole area is still supposed to be seismically unstable. The Gulf of Kutch covers an area of circa 7,350 sq. km with a maximum depth of 60 m. The tidal range varies from 3.06 to 5.89 m with an average of 4 m. The intertidal zones are sandy and muddy or with sandstones of vast expanse and prolonged exposure

Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors

P4 is a high-level language for programming protocol-independent packet processors. P4 works in conjunction with SDN control protocols like OpenFlow. In its current form, OpenFlow explicitly specifies protocol headers on which it operates. This set has grown from 12 to 41 fields in a few years, increasing the complexity of the specification while still not providing the flexibility to add new headers. In this paper we propose P4 as a strawman proposal for how OpenFlow should evolve in the future. We have three goals: (1) Reconfigurability in the field: Programmers should be able to change the way switches process packets once they are deployed. (2) Protocol independence: Switches should not be tied to any specific network protocols. (3) Target independence: Programmers should be able to describe packet-processing functionality independently of the specifics of the underlying hardware. As an example, we describe how to use P4 to configure a switch to add a new hierarchical label

A case of pericardial effusion: Aid of bedside ultrasound in clinical decision making

Background: In life-threatening conditions, such as cardiac tamponade, we need to recognize signs of impending decompensation in a timely manner. Point of care ultrasound is non-invasive and is readily available, particularly in a resource limited setting. In this case, we present a patient with worsening pericardial effusion and the importance of bedside cardiac ultrasound. Case presentation: A 76-year-old male with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung was admitted for worsening dysphagia for 3 days and decreased oral intake. He was normotensive but was tachycardic with muffled heart sounds. CT of the chest demonstrated a significant pericardial effusion. Bedside ultrasound to evaluate the extent of pericardial effusion revealed significant circumferential effusion, right systolic atrial collapse, and non-variable IVC, signs of pre-tamponade physiology. Given these findings, cardiology was emergently consulted who recommended transfer to a higher level of care facility. Thus, point of care ultrasound helped in making an immediate decision prior to clinical decompensation of the patient. Conclusion: Point of care ultrasound can help in making critical decisions in resource-limited settings. In this patient, a large effusion with pre-tamponade physiology was identified on bedside ultrasound. Early recognition during bedside ultrasound can help reach a diagnosis before clinical deterioration. Our case highlights the importance of point of care ultrasound as a tool to reinforce critical thinking and help expedite rational decision-making processes

N-[(E)-Quinoxalin-2-ylmethyl­idene]-1H-indazol-5-amine

In the title mol­ecule, C16H11N5, the mean planes of the quinoxaline and indazole fragments form a dihedral angle of 10.62 (5)°. In the crystal, weak inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into zigzag chains extending in the [001] direction. The crystal packing also exhibits π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distances of 3.7080 (2) and 3.8220 (5) Å], which form stacks of the mol­ecules parallel to the a axis

(Z)-2-Amino-3-[(E)-benzyl­ideneamino]but-2-enedinitrile

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H8N4, contains two independent mol­ecules. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules into ribbons extended in the [100] direction

Preliminary report on a reconnaissance survey of the major coastal and marine ecosystems in Gulf of Kutch

The region of Gulf of Kutch was possibly more an arid zone in the pleistocene, almost approaching to a desert condition, than what it is at present. The Gulf of Kutch covers an area of circa 7,350 sq. km with a maximum depth of 60 m. The tidal range varies from 3.06 to 5.89 m with an average of 4 m. The intertidal zones are sandy and muddy or with sandstones of vast expanse and prolonged exposure. The present report is based on a six weeks survey carried out in the Gulf of Kutch mainly around Okha and Jamnagar in 1978 with a view to obtaining additional information on the major marine and coastal habitats, particularly the coral formations and the mangroves. The prevailing physical features,animal communities and the visible ecological impact on the ecosystems due to human interference are briefly discussed. The most important physical factor that at present aifect the marine life of Gulf of Kutch seems to be the high degree of sedimentation. Existence of extreme physical conditions such as prolonged exposure due to very high tidal amplitude is a major factor that applies constraints on the colonization of many marine animals. The higher rate of sedimentation in the inshore waters of Gulf of Kutch appears to be the most deleterious physical factor that affect the marine fauna at present