Пандемия COVID-19: защитные роли витамина D

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the vulnerability of the general population to this infectious disease, which is determined by the lack of immunity to the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and is characterized by cytokine storm in severe cases. One of the most important reasons for this vulnerability is a high occurrence rate of micronutrient deficiencies, and above all, vitamin D deficiency.Aim. To systematize the available data on the role of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID-19 infection.Materials and methods. Systematic computer analysis of the entire array of available scientific publications on coronaviruses (21,300 publications in PUBMED and preprint repositories, including 7,500 publications on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2) was performed. The methods of topological and metric data analysis were used. About 50 most informative sections were identified that were mainly associated with COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of the obtained “map” of molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 was performed.Results. Vitamin D activates the expression of many genes involved in supporting the immunity against coronaviruses and other singlestranded RNA viruses (interferon-dependent protection). The results of the systematic analysis of the publications on coronavirus showed that vitamin D is important for attenuating the effects of the cytokine storm and compensating for chronic comorbid pathologies.Conclusion. The compensation for vitamin D deficiency is an essential component of COVID-19 prevention. This tactics of prevention is less costly than managing patients with severe forms of COVID-19 and can help save public healthcare resources.  Введение. Пандемия COVID-19 выявила уязвимость широких слоев населения к этому инфекционному заболеванию, определяющуюся отсутствием иммунитета к новому коронавирусу SARS-CoV-2 и цитокиновым штормом при тяжелом течении. Одной из важнейших причин этой уязвимости является широчайшее распространение микронутриентных дефицитов и, прежде всего, дефицита витамина D.Цель. Систематизировать доступные данные о роли витамина D в профилактике инфекции COVID-19.Материалы и методы. Систематический компьютерный анализ всего массива публикаций имеющейся научной литературы по коронавирусам (21300 публикаций в PUBMED и репозиториям препринтов, в т.ч. 7500 публикаций по COVID-19 и SARS-CoV-2). Использованы методы  топологического и метрического анализа данных. Выделены около 50 наиболее информативных рубрик, ассоциированных преимущественно с COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. Выполнен анализ полученной  «карты» молекулярной патофизиологии COVID-19.Результаты. Витамин D активирует экспрессию многих генов, вовлеченных в поддержку  иммунитета против коронавирусов и других одноцепочечных РНК-вирусов (интерферон-зависимая защита). Результаты систематического анализа текстов публикаций по коронавирусам показали, что витамин D важен для ослабления эффектов цитокинового шторма и для компенсации хронических коморбидных патологий.Заключение. Таким образом, компенсация недостаточности витамина D – необходимая  составляющая профилактики COVID-19. Оказываясь менее затратной, чем ведение пациентов с тяжелым течением COVID-19, данная тактика может способствовать экономии ресурсов здравоохранения

COVID-19 pandemic: protective role of vitamin D

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the vulnerability of the general population to this infectious disease, which is determined by the lack of immunity to the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and is characterized by cytokine storm in severe cases. One of the most important reasons for this vulnerability is a high occurrence rate of micronutrient deficiencies, and above all, vitamin D deficiency.Aim. To systematize the available data on the role of vitamin D in the prevention of COVID-19 infection.Materials and methods. Systematic computer analysis of the entire array of available scientific publications on coronaviruses (21,300 publications in PUBMED and preprint repositories, including 7,500 publications on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2) was performed. The methods of topological and metric data analysis were used. About 50 most informative sections were identified that were mainly associated with COVID-19 / SARS-CoV-2. The analysis of the obtained “map” of molecular pathophysiology of COVID-19 was performed.Results. Vitamin D activates the expression of many genes involved in supporting the immunity against coronaviruses and other singlestranded RNA viruses (interferon-dependent protection). The results of the systematic analysis of the publications on coronavirus showed that vitamin D is important for attenuating the effects of the cytokine storm and compensating for chronic comorbid pathologies.Conclusion. The compensation for vitamin D deficiency is an essential component of COVID-19 prevention. This tactics of prevention is less costly than managing patients with severe forms of COVID-19 and can help save public healthcare resources