246 research outputs found
The Health-Seeking Behavior of Leprosy Patients: An explanatory model
The way people interpret their diseases/illness and its treatment, or the meanings of these, has a direct impact on the way populations at the community and reagional levels deal with their illness as well as the treatments sought and chosen. Our study sets out to assess the socio-demographic profile of leprosy patients and their health-seeking behaviour. We also explore certain cultural factors hallmarking local, traditional remedial choices and as to how this presents an obstacle to effective treatement and consultation. This said, our study further considers how cultural variations lead to interpreting the signs and symptoms of leprosy, that is, to different ways of seeing symptoms and ailments
Giant Electroresistance in Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions
The interplay between the electron transport in metal/ferroelectric/metal
junctions with ultrathin ferroelectric barriers and the polarization state of a
barrier is investigated. Using a model which takes into account screening of
polarization charges in metallic electrodes and direct quantum tunneling across
a ferroelectric barrier we calculate the change in the tunneling conductance
associated with the polarization switching. We find the conductance change of a
few orders of magnitude for metallic electrodes with significantly different
screening lengths. This giant electroresistance effect is the consequence of a
different potential profile seen by transport electrons for the two opposite
polarization orientations.Comment: 4 page
Atomic and Electronic Structure of CoFeB/MgO Interface from First Principles
First-principles calculations of the atomic and electronic structure of crystalline CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are performed to understand the effect of B on spin-dependent transport in these junctions. The authors find that it is energetically favorable for B atoms to reside at the crystalline CoFeB/MgO interface rather than remain in the bulk of the crystalline CoFeB electrode. The presence of B at the interfaces is detrimental to tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) because it significantly suppresses the majority-channel conductance through states of symmetry. Preventing B segregation to the interfaces during annealing should result in an enhanced TMR in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB MTJs
Experimental evidence of strong phonon scattering in isotopical disordered systems: The case of LiH_xD_{1-x} crystals
The observation of the local - mode vibration, the two - mode behavior of the
LO phonons at large isotope concentration, as well as large line broadening in
LIH - D mixed crystals directly evidence strong additional phonon scattering
due to the isotope - induced disorder.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Magnetic Moment Softening and Domain Wall Resistance in Ni Nanowires
Magnetic moments in atomic scale domain walls formed in nanoconstrictions and
nanowires are softened which affects dramatically the domain wall resistance.
We perform ab initio calculations of the electronic structure and conductance
of atomic-size Ni nanowires with domain walls only a few atomic lattice
constants wide. We show that the hybridization between noncollinear spin states
leads to a reduction of the magnetic moments in the domain wall. This magnetic
moment softening strongly enhances the domain wall resistance due to scattering
produced by the local perturbation of the electronic potential.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
A theory of change for community interventions to prevent domestic violence against women and girls in Mumbai, India [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
Background: We describe the development of a theory of change for community mobilisation activities to prevent violence against women and girls. These activities are part of a broader program in urban India that works toward primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of violence and includes crisis response and counselling and medical, police, and legal assistance. /
Methods: The theory of change was developed in five phases, via expert workshops, use of primary data, recurrent team meetings, adjustment at further meetings and workshops, and a review of published theories. /
Results: The theory summarises inputs for primary and secondary prevention, consequent changes (positive and negative), and outcomes. It is fully adapted to the program context, was designed through an extended consultative process, emphasises secondary prevention as a pathway to primary prevention, and integrates community activism with referral and counselling interventions. /
Conclusions: The theory specifies testable causal pathways to impact and will be evaluated in a controlled trial
Ballistic anisotropic magnetoresistance
Electronic transport in ferromagnetic ballistic conductors is predicted to
exhibit ballistic anisotropic magnetoresistance (BAMR) - a change in the
ballistic conductance with the direction of magnetization. This phenomenon
originates from the effect of the spin-orbit interaction on the electronic band
structure which leads to a change in the number of bands crossing the Fermi
energy when the magnetization direction changes. We illustrate the significance
of this phenomenon by performing ab-initio calculations of the ballistic
conductance in ferromagnetic Ni and Fe nanowires which display a sizable BAMR
when the magnetization changes direction from parallel to perpendicular to the
wire axis
Simple isatin derivatives as free radical scavengers: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship
To develop more potent small molecules with enhanced free radical scavenger properties, a series of N-substituted isatin derivatives was synthesized, and the cytoprotective effect on the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H2O2 was screened. All these compounds were found to be active, and N-ethyl isatin was found with the most potent activity of 69.7% protective effect on PC12 cells. Structure-activity relationship analyses showed the bioactivity of N-alkyl isatins decline as the increasing of the chain of the alkyl group, furthermore odd-even effect was found in the activity, which is interesting for further investigation
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