Problème du rajeunissement des sols issus de l'altération de roches volcaniques, par des éruptions récentes de cendres, aux Nouvelles-Hébrides et aux îles Canaries

Abstract. - Two soils, one from Aoba (New Hebrides), the other from Tenerife (Canarian Islands), the rejuvenation of which by a fall of volcanic ashes has been dated (by 14 C), show that, in a humid tropical or subtropical environment, the recent rejuvenation leads to pedological forms relatively less maturated than the normal soils type. In Aoba, they are one thousand years old, saturated and slighty evoluted andosols, in Tenerife appear andic brown earths that are less than 9000 years old and bury tropical paleosols. It is noteworthy in Aoba, that only one thousand years has been enough to form halloysite, whereas Aomine and Miyauchi (1963) estimated tah 8000 years have been necessary in the case of the Japanese andosols.Résumé. - Deux sols, l'un situé à Aoba (Nouvelles Hébrides), l'autre à Tenerife (Iles Canaries), dont le rajeunissement par un recouvrement de cendres volcaniques a été daté en âge absolu (par 14 C), montrent qu'en milieu tropical ou subtropical humide, le rajeunissement conduit à des formations pédologiques relativement moins évoluées que la normale. Dans le cas d'Aoba, il s'agit d'andosols saturés datant de mille ans environ ; dans celui de Tenerife, ce sont des sols bruns andiques âgés de moins de 9000 ans, recouvrant des paléosols tropicaux. Il est remarquable à Aoba, qu'un millier d'années a suffi, en milieu tropical humide pour l'apparition d'halloysite, alors qu'Aomine et Miyauchi (1963) estimaient qu'un laps de temps de 8000 ans était nécessaire dans le cas des andosols du Japon.Quantin Patrick, Fernandez-Caldas E., Guttierrez-Jerez F., Tejedor M.L., Delibrias G. Problème du rajeunissement des sols issus de l'altération de roches volcaniques par des éruptions récentes de cendres, aux Nouvelles-Hébrides et aux îles Canaries. In: Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français, N°426, 52e année, mai 1975. pp. 211-217

Understanding and tackling snakebite envenoming with transdisciplinary research

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) of high global impact. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 4.5 to 5.4 million people are bitten by snakes annually, resulting in 1.8 to 2.7 million envenomings, 81,000 to 138,000 deaths, and at least 400,000 people suffering from physical or psychological sequelae. SBE mostly affects impoverished rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America, and parts of Oceania, thus fueling a vicious cycle of poverty and illness. SBE not only affects humans, but also domestic animals, including livestock, with negative social and economic consequences. This requires a better understanding of the complex social, cultural, and ecological contexts where SBE occurs, within the conceptual frame of One Health, an integrated approach that recognizes the health of humans, animals, and the environment as closely linked and interdependent. Such complexity demands more integrative approaches for better understanding and confronting this disease. SBE has unique features that make its prevention and control challenging. Unlike many infectious diseases, SBE cannot be eradicated, but its incidence and impact can be reduced through effective programs aimed at better prevention and rapid access to treatment. This in turn demands the engagement of communities to improve the cohabitation of humans, domestic animals, and snakes in rural agroecosystems. In 2019, the WHO launched a strategy for the prevention and control of SBE, aimed at halving the deaths and disabilities caused by this NTD by the year 2030. This strategy is based on 4 pillars, i.e., empower and engage communities; ensure safe, effective treatment; strengthen health systems; and increase partnerships, coordination, and resources. Building on previous ideas and publications, this article discusses and advocates for transdisciplinary research on SBE and for promoting dialogue and collaboration between sectors, particularly by engaging communities affected by SBE at all levels of the research process

Does The Frequency Of Speaker-Listener Technique Use Influence Relationship Satisfaction?

Relationship education curricula have gained traction over the past 15 years as an efficacious intervention for low-income couples. Prevention relationship enhancement program (PREP) is one of the most well-known and researched curricula. However, little is known about which skills are most helpful for couples. Thus, we examined the relationship between PREP\u27s speaker-listener technique and perceived relationship satisfaction for couples 6 months after completion of the intervention. Results indicated no relationship between participant\u27s use of the speaker-listener technique and relationship satisfaction. © 2014 American Psychological Association