Study of the genetic variability of Brazilian populations of Cyllindrocarpon spp., causal agent of grapevine black-foot.

Two fungal species have been historically associated with grapevine Black foot, C. destructans and C. macrodídymum. Analyses of ONA sequences showed that C. destructans is represented by a complex of several species and, recently, grapevine isolates associated with black-foot have been reidentified as C. líríodendrí. C. destructans was identified in Southern Brazil, but little is known about the fungus variability. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Cylíndrocarpon in Southern Brazíl.Resumo P. S. I-5

Genetic variability of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with grapevine in Brazil using RAPD and polimorphisms of rRNA-ITS region.

In Brazil, little is known about genetic diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae causing grapevine decline. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of Botryosphaeriaceae isolates from South and Southeast Brazil, in order to provide support to morphological identification of species.Resumo P.S.I-10

Natural populations of Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer in Amazonia: genetic diversity and conservation.

Astrocaryum aculeatum, a palm tree incipiently domesticated from upland ecosystems in the Brazilian Amazon, is especially adapted to anthropized areas. The pulp of the fruit, obtained by extractivism, is consumed fresh by the Amazonian population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of the natural populations of A. aculeatum, exploited by extractive farmers in Amazonas, Brazil, seeking to suggest conservation and management strategies for this species

Genetic structure in populations of Euterpe precatoria Mart. in the Brazilian Amazon.

Euterpe precatoria is a palm tree belonging to the Arecaceae family, occurring inWestern and Central Brazilian Amazonia. Its fruit, which is very appreciated in the Amazon region, produces pulp that is consumed in fresh form. Its production is carried out almost exclusively by extractive farmers. In order to establish adequate strategies to sustain this genetic resource, we need knowledge about the diversity and genetic structure in natural populations. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of geographic distance on genetic structure in the main extractive populations of E. precatoria in the Brazilian Amazon. Leaves from 377 plants were collected in 19 populations located in 16 municipalities in the State of Amazonas and three in the State of Rondônia. Twelve microsatellite loci were used to genotype the plants. The diversity and genetic structure among populations were estimated. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.97. The observed heterozygosity means (HO) were higher than expected (HE) at the population level (HO = 0.72, HE = 0.66) and fixation index (f = -0.100) was negative. The FST value (0.1820) and the AMOVA results (8 = 0.1796) showed population structure. The populations were clustered into three groups (K = 3) in the Bayesian analysis. The Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) confirmed eight clusters, with the populations close to those identified by the Bayesian analysis. The geographic differentiation was confirmed by the groupings obtained in the Structure analysis and the DACP function. Information related to phenotypic, genetic and environmental characterization of populations is important to guide conservation and management strategies and the formulation of public species management policies in Amazonia

New microsatellite loci for annatto (Bixa orellana), a source of natural dyes from Brazilian Amazonia

Annatto (Bixa orellana) is a tropical crop native to the Americas with Amazonia as the likely center of origin of domestication. Annatto is important because it produces the dye bixin, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and textile industries. A total of 32 microsatellite loci were isolated from a microsatellite-enriched genomic library, of which 12 polymorphic loci were used to characterize four populations of B. orellana and B. orellana var. urucurana, the wild relative. Higher genetic diversity estimates were detected for the wild populations when compared to the cultivated populations. Also, higher apparent outcrossing rates were found for the two wild than the cultivated populations. These results indicate a mixed mating system for the species. All markers described herein have potential to be used in further studies evaluating the genetic diversity, population dynamics, domestication, breeding, and conservation genetics of annatto. © 2018, Brazilian Society of Plant Breeding. All rights reserved

In silico SNP detection for genes of the anthocyanin metabolism in Vitis.

Grape flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, are important contributors to color, taste, antioxidant and nutraceutical properties ? such as protection against cardiovascular diseases and cancer ? for fresh fruit and processed products. Breeding programs and wild Vitis germplasm banks include a wide genetic variation in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and metabolism-associated traits, indicating a complex genetic control of the process throughout plant development.Resumo P-30

Identidade genética do porta-enxerto de videira '420 A', no interior do Estado de São Paulo.

Os porta-enxertos Kober 5BB e 420-A Mgt são resultados de cruzamentos realizados entre Vitis berlandieri X Vitis riparia, duas espécies silvestres, originárias da América do Norte e são morfologicamente semelhantes, porém, apresentam diferenças em relação ao vigor e são usados no Brasil com diferentes finalidades.Resumo expandido

Diversidade genética e uso aplicado de marcadores moleculares SSR na organização de recursos genéticos e no melhoramento genético de pera.

A falta de cultivares de pera adaptadas às condições edafoclimáticas do Sul do Brasil é um dos fatores limitantes para o desenvolvimento da cultura no país. Na tentativa de superar este problema, as atividades de pesquisa que visam o melhoramento genético da pereira no Brasil foram retomadas a partir do início de 2006. O objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar marcadores moleculares SSR disponíveis na literatura e utilizá-los para analisar uma amostra de acessos de pera da coleção de germoplasma mantida pela EPAGRI-EE Caçador. Uma amostra diversa de 43 acessos de pera foi avaliada. Foram selecionados 62 marcadores microssatélites desenvolvidos para espécies frutíferas e recuperados na literatura. Para selecionar os locos microssatélites foram realizadas reações de amplificação em várias temperaturas de anelamento, visando identificar a mais adequada para amplificação.Resumo indexado