Dose para indução de esterilidade para linhagens de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) sob hipóxia.

A forma mais eficiente de aplicação da Técnica do Inseto Estéril (TIE) consiste na liberação apenas de machos. Para isso, são necessários mecanismos que permitam a sexagem do inseto ainda na fase imatura. Recentemente, o CENA/USP importou da FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Áustria uma Genetic Sexing Strain de Anastrepha fraterculus sp.1 (Diptera: Tephritidae) denominada GSS-89. Através de radioindução de uma translocação na banda 88 do cromossomo VI, essa linhagem apresenta dimorfismo da coloração das pupas, sendo que os machos adultos emergem de pupas marrons enquanto fêmeas emergem apenas de pupas pretas. Para manter a qualidade dos insetos sem prejudicar a esterilização, a irradiação pode ser realizada sob hipóxia (baixa concentração de oxigênio). As doses esterilizantes para A. fraterculus até o momento haviam sido estabelecidas apenas sob normóxia. Assim, este estudo foi o primeiro a avaliar a dose de indução de esterilidade sob condição de hipóxia para duas linhagens de A. fraterculus, uma linhagem bissexual (Brazilian-1) e a GSS-89. Duas horas antes da irradiação, as pupas foram colocadas em recipientes selados e irradiadas quando a concentração de oxigênio era inferior a 3 %. Foram testadas 9 doses (0 (controle), 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 e 100 Gy). Para determinar a esterilidade para cada linhagem e a dose, quatro tipos de cruzamentos foram realizados entre as moscas irradiadas sob hipóxia e não irradiadas da linhagem bissexual. Para os machos irradiados, foram determinados o efeito das doses de radiação na viabilidade de ovos, recuperação ovo-pupa e recuperação de adultos para as duas linhagens e ambas tiveram 74 Gy como dose esterilizante, na qual a viabilidade dos ovos foi reduzida 99%. A fertilidade das fêmeas irradiadas foi afetada até mesmo em baixas doses

Relevamiento de Quesos Entrerrianos. Características Físico-Químicas-Bacteriológicas y Sensoriales con vistas a su tipificación

La caracterización y clasificación de los alimentos se encuentra definida y regida por la Ley Nacional 18 284, Código Alimentario Argentino, por lo que la definición de quesos, su calificación de inocuidad y clasificación, se encuentran dados en la mencionada normativa. Para el caso, de la producción de los tambos queserías entrerrianos, entendiendo como tal a los pequeños y medianos establecimientos tamberos que elaboran solo su propia producción; a la fecha, son escasos los estudios disponibles tendientes a conocer sus características, y si los mismos se encuadran a lo dispuesto por la norma. El problema que se intenta abordar, es conocer con datos obtenidos en un muestreo estadístico, las características físico-químicas, bacteriológicas y sensoriales de este tipo de quesos, conocidos popularmente como «tipo sardo». El relevamiento incluyó encuestas a productores y consumidores, análisis y evaluación de las muestras obtenidas para la calificación y clasificación de la producción de los tambos-queserías entrerrianos. Finalmente se propone realizar de un protocolo de elaboración que homogenice el tipo de queso, destacando sus características típicas, para darle mayor valor agregado

Acúmulo de forragem em pastagem natural palha grossa manejada em diferentes alturas.

O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o acúmulo de forragem em pastagem natural com predomínio de Andropogon lateralis, manejada sob diferentes alturas.Claudia Cristina Gulias Gomes, editora técnica

Postpartum women’s use of medicines and breastfeeding practices: a systematic review

The objectives of this article are to systematically review i) the extent of medicine use in postpartum women, and ii) the impact of maternal medicine use (excluding contraceptives and galactogogues) on breastfeeding outcomes (initiation and/or duration). PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), Cinahl (EBSCO), PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) and Web of Science (ISI) databases were searched to find original studies on medicine use in women after the birth. Additional studies were identified by searching Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library, Springer Link, selected journals and from the reference list of retrieved articles. Observational studies with information about postpartum women’s use of any type of medicine either for chronic or acute illnesses with or without breastfeeding information were included. The majority of relevant studies suggest that more than 50 % of postpartum women (breastfeeding or not) required at least one medicine. Due to the lack of uniform medication use reporting system and differences in study designs, settings and samples, the proportion of medicine use by postpartum women varies widely, from 34 to 100 %. Regarding the impact of postpartum women’s medicine use on breastfeeding, a few studies suggest that women’s use of certain medicines (e.g. antiepileptics, propylthiouracil, antibiotics) during lactation can reduce initiation and/ or duration of breastfeeding. These studies are limited by small sample size, and with one exception, all were conducted in Canada more than a decade ago. Large scale studies are required to establish the relationship between maternal medicine use and breastfeeding, considering type of illness, period of use and total duration of medicine use

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease