55 research outputs found
Rotating strings
Analytical expressions are provided for the configurations of an
inextensible, flexible, twistable inertial string rotating rigidly about a
fixed axis. Solutions with trivial radial dependence are helices of arbitrary
radius and pitch. Non-helical solutions are governed by a cubic equation whose
roots delimit permissible values of the squared radial coordinate. Only curves
coplanar with the axis of rotation make contact with it.Comment: added to discussion and made small revisions to tex
Dynamical Renormalization Group Study for a Class of Non-local Interface Equations
We provide a detailed Dynamic Renormalization Group study for a class of
stochastic equations that describe non-conserved interface growth mediated by
non-local interactions. We consider explicitly both the morphologically stable
case, and the less studied case in which pattern formation occurs, for which
flat surfaces are linearly unstable to periodic perturbations. We show that the
latter leads to non-trivial scaling behavior in an appropriate parameter range
when combined with the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) non-linearity, that
nevertheless does not correspond to the KPZ universality class. This novel
asymptotic behavior is characterized by two scaling laws that fix the critical
exponents to dimension-independent values, that agree with previous reports
from numerical simulations and experimental systems. We show that the precise
form of the linear stabilizing terms does not modify the hydrodynamic behavior
of these equations. One of the scaling laws, usually associated with Galilean
invariance, is shown to derive from a vertex cancellation that occurs (at least
to one loop order) for any choice of linear terms in the equation of motion and
is independent on the morphological stability of the surface, hence
generalizing this well-known property of the KPZ equation. Moreover, the
argument carries over to other systems like the Lai-Das Sarma-Villain equation,
in which vertex cancellation is known {\em not to} imply an associated symmetry
of the equation.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and
Experiments (in press
UK Large-scale Wind Power Programme from 1970 to 1990: the Carmarthen Bay experiments and the Musgrove Vertical-Axis Turbines
This article describes the development of the Musgrove Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
concept, the UK ‘Carmarthen Bay’ wind turbine test programme, and UK government’s wind
power programme to 1990. One of the most significant developments in the story of British
wind power occurred during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, with the development of the
Musgrove vertical axis wind turbine and its inclusion within the UK Government’s wind
turbine test programme. Evolving from a supervisor’s idea for an undergraduate project at
Reading University, the Musgrove VAWT was once seen as an able competitor to the
horizontal axis wind systems that were also being encouraged at the time by both the UK
government and the Central Electricity Generating Board, the then nationalised electricity
utility for England and Wales. During the 1980s and 1990s the most developed Musgrove
VAWT system, along with three other commercial turbine designs was tested at
Carmarthen Bay, South Wales as part of a national wind power test programme. From these
developmental tests, operational data was collected and lessons learnt, which were
incorporated into subsequent wind power operations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/03095240677860621
Type Ia Supernova Explosion Models
Because calibrated light curves of Type Ia supernovae have become a major
tool to determine the local expansion rate of the Universe and also its
geometrical structure, considerable attention has been given to models of these
events over the past couple of years. There are good reasons to believe that
perhaps most Type Ia supernovae are the explosions of white dwarfs that have
approached the Chandrasekhar mass, M_ch ~ 1.39 M_sun, and are disrupted by
thermonuclear fusion of carbon and oxygen. However, the mechanism whereby such
accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarfs explode continues to be uncertain. Recent
progress in modeling Type Ia supernovae as well as several of the still open
questions are addressed in this review. Although the main emphasis will be on
studies of the explosion mechanism itself and on the related physical
processes, including the physics of turbulent nuclear combustion in degenerate
stars, we also discuss observational constraints.Comment: 38 pages, 4 figures, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, in
pres
Resolvent methods for steady premixed flame shapes governed by the Zhdanov-Trubnikov equation
Using pole decompositions as starting points, the one parameter (-1 =< c < 1)
nonlocal and nonlinear Zhdanov-Trubnikov (ZT) equation for the steady shapes of
premixed gaseous flames is studied in the large-wrinkle limit. The singular
integral equations for pole densities are closely related to those satisfied by
the spectral density in the O(n) matrix model, with n = -2(1 + c)/(1 - c). They
can be solved via the introduction of complex resolvents and the use of complex
analysis. We retrieve results obtained recently for -1 =< c =< 0, and we
explain and cure their pathologies when they are continued naively to 0 < c <
1. Moreover, for any -1 =< c < 1, we derive closed-form expressions for the
shapes of steady isolated flame crests, and then bicoalesced periodic fronts.
These theoretical results fully agree with numerical resolutions. Open problems
are evoked.Comment: v2: 29 pages, 6 figures, some typos correcte
Sur une forme remarquable des équations de Maxwell-Lorentz dans l'univers à 5 dimensions
En admettant, suivant une suggestion de M. L. de Broglie, que l'équation dite complémentaire de Lorentz [FORMULE] doive être abandonnée, ajoutons au 1er membre un nouveau terme ∂b/∂x° où x° représente la 5e dimension de l'univers de Kaluza et Klein, et b, une 5e composante du potentiel d'univers, dont les 4 autres composantes sont le potentiel scalaire ψ et le potentiel vecteur a. L'hypothèse [FORMULE] où U représente le courant d'univers généralisé par l'adjonction, aux 4 composantes que donnent la densité d'électricité p et le vecteur courant C'c, d'une 5e composante β = -Δb + 1/c² . ∂²b/∂t² réduit les 5 équations de propagation telles que : Ψ = ΔΨ - 1/c² . ∂²Ψ/∂t² à l'unique équation [FORMULE]
Le mouvement des lignes d'induction et les travaux du Pr S. R. Milner
A la notion des lignes d'induction de Faraday, qui peuvent être, soit magnétiques, soit électriques, la considération des lois de transformation des grandeurs du champ électromagnétique qu'exprime le groupe de Lorentz, amène à substituer celle d'un système unique orthogonal de directions privilégiées dans l'univers quadridimensionnel. L'association au polyaxe de référence ainsi défini de manière absolue en chaque point, de deux invariants R et α tels que R² e^(2iα) = e² - h² + i.2(eh)(où e et h désignent les vecteurs électrique et magnétique) permet de traduire les lois du champ (équations de Maxwell) en simples relations de géométrie différentielle qui régissent la convergence et la torsion des directions caractéristiques du champ, et remplacent les anciennes relations de conservation. La notion de tube élémentaire d'induction, en tant qu'entité physique persistant au cours du temps, ne peut être maintenue en général, mais doit être remplacée par celle d'éléments quadridimensionnels présentant, avec la densité R², un contenu d'action égal au quantum h de Planck, et aux deux sections orthogonales duquel (xt et yz) se trouvent respectivement associés les deux facteurs e, quantum d'électricité, et ϕ quantum de flux magnétique, du produit h = eϕ. Ces éléments d'action donnent une expression concrète au principe d'indétermination d'Heisenberg pour le champ électromagnétique, et suggèrent maints rapprochements, tant avec d'autres travaux récents (théorie de la charge électrique d'Eddington, lignes singulières d'indétermination de la phase de la fonction d'onde de Dirac, théories unitaires... etc), qu'avec ceux plus anciens de Cunningham, Bateman, F. Klein, soulignant le domaine d'invariance, plus étendu que le groupe de Lorentz, des équations de Maxwell, et laissant entrevoir les ressources d'une représentation conforme généralisée
Note sur la réforme de l’enseignement.
Avis membre de l'académie des science
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