Evaluación de los tipos de fibras musculares en cerdos de raza chato murciano criados en sistema intensivo

Mediante técnicas histoquímicas y de análisis de imagen se estudian las características de los distintos tipos de fibras que integran el músculo longísimo lumbar del cerdo “Chato Murciano” criado mediante sistema intensivo. Asimismo, se estima y valora la presencia de fibras anómalas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la presencia de al menos tres tipos principales de fibras, catalogadas como tipos I, IIA y IIX. Los datos morfométricos revelan la existencia de alto porcentaje (79%) y gran tamaño de las fibras IIX (glucolíticas). Un 50 % de los animales analizados presentó fibras gigantes aunque en porcentajes muy escasos (<1%)

Sleep matters: Neurodegeneration spectrum heterogeneity, combustion and friction ultrafine particles, industrial nanoparticle pollution, and sleep disorders—Denial is not an option

Sustained exposures to ubiquitous outdoor/indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5), including combustion and friction ultrafine PM (UFPM) and industrial nanoparticles (NPs) starting in utero, are linked to early pediatric and young adulthood aberrant neural protein accumulation, including hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), beta-amyloid (Aβ1 − 42), α-synuclein (α syn) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), hallmarks of Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). UFPM from anthropogenic and natural sources and NPs enter the brain through the nasal/olfactory pathway, lung, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, skin, and placental barriers. On a global scale, the most important sources of outdoor UFPM are motor traffic emissions. This study focuses on the neuropathology heterogeneity and overlap of AD, PD, FTLD, and ALS in older adults, their similarities with the neuropathology of young, highly exposed urbanites, and their strong link with sleep disorders. Critical information includes how this UFPM and NPs cross all biological barriers, interact with brain soluble proteins and key organelles, and result in the oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial stress, neuroinflammation, DNA damage, protein aggregation and misfolding, and faulty complex protein quality control. The brain toxicity of UFPM and NPs makes them powerful candidates for early development and progression of fatal common neurodegenerative diseases, all having sleep disturbances. A detailed residential history, proximity to high-traffic roads, occupational histories, exposures to high-emission sources (i.e., factories, burning pits, forest fires, and airports), indoor PM sources (tobacco, wood burning in winter, cooking fumes, and microplastics in house dust), and consumption of industrial NPs, along with neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric histories, are critical. Environmental pollution is a ubiquitous, early, and cumulative risk factor for neurodegeneration and sleep disorders. Prevention of deadly neurological diseases associated with air pollution should be a public health priority

ECOLOGÍA TÉRMICA DE UNA POBLACIÓN DE LA LAGARTIJA SCELOPORUS GRAMMICUS (IGUANIDAE: PHRYNOSOMATINAE) QUE OCURRE EN LA ZONA CENTRO-ORIENTE DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO

The thermal ecology of the lizard, Sceloporus grammicus in Mexico City was studied. Mean body temperature (Tb) was 31.43 ± 0.1 ºC. Body temperature was significantly and positively related to air temperature (Ta: n = 147, r = 0.451, P &lt; 0.001; Tb = 27.529 + 0.195 Ta) and substrate temperature (Ts: n = 147, r = 0.482, P &lt; 0.001; Tb = 27.315 + 0.199 Ts) occupied by the lizards. The body temperature was different between males and females (ANCOVA with Ts as the covariate F1,146 = 8.71, P = 0.003) and between pregnant females and unpregnant females as well (ANCOVA with Ts as the covariate F1,91 = 18.81 P &lt; 0.001). These results suggested that S. grammicus is a lizard with active thermoregulation and that reproductive status can influence the thermoregulatory strategy of females.Estudiamos la ecología térmica de la lagartija Sceloporus grammicus que habita en la región central de la Ciudad de México. La temperatura corporal (Tc) promedio para estos organismos fue de 31.43 ± 0.1 °C. La Tc de Sceloporus grammicus estuvo positiva y significativamente correlacionada con la temperatura del aire [Ta] (n =147, r = 0.451, P &lt; 0.001; Tc 27.529 + 0.195 Ta) y con la temperatura del sustrato [Ts] (n = 147, r = 0.482, P &lt; 0.001; Tc = 27.315 + 0.199 Ts) donde se encontraban. Observamos diferencias significativas entre la temperatura corporal de machos y hembras (ANCOVA con la Ts como covariable F1,146 = 8.71, P = 0.003), así como en la temperatura corporal presentada entre hembras preñadas y no preñadas (ANCOVA con la Ts como covariable F1,91 = 18.81 P &lt; 0.001). Estos resultados sugieren que S. grammicus presenta una tendencia hacia la termorregulación activa y que el estadio reproductivo de las hembras puede influir su estrategia termorreguladora

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Development and validation of a rapid column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of atenolol, propranolol and carvedilol in human plasma

ISSN-E: 2244-8845 PPI: 2012 02 ME 4102En el presente trabajo se desarrolló un método automatizado y robusto para la determinación simultánea de atenolol, propranolol y carvedilol en muestras de plasma humano por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR) con detección por fluorescencia. La inyección directa de las muestras de plasma se efectuó en una precolumna con empaque de acceso restringido LiChrospher RP-18 ADS (alquil diol sílica) integrada en un sistema de columnas acopladas bajo la modalidad de transferencia indirecta reversa. La separación cromatográfica de los analitos se realizó en una columna Altantis T3® (150 mm x 3,0 mm d.i. y 5 µm d.p.) y se utilizó la optimización multivariada para lograr la mejor resolución y tiempo de análisis. La validación del procedimiento se evaluó de acuerdo a la normativa vigente, la Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos (USP) y de la Conferencia Internacional de Armonización (ICH). El método propuesto se aplicó exitosamente en el análisis de muestras de plasma de individuos bajo tratamiento médico con los fármacos, con una frecuencia de análisis de 10 muestras [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected] robust and automated high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of atenolol, propranolol and carvedilol in human plasma samples. The untreated plasma samples were directly injected onto restricted access LiChrospher RP-18 ADS (alquil diol sílica) precolumn into a column-switching system. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was performed on a T3 Altantis ® column (150 mm x 3.0 mm id and 5 microns dp) and multivariate optimization was used to achieve better resolution and analysis time. A full method validation was performed according to guidelines set by United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). The proposed method was successfully applied to analyze plasma samples from patients submitted to beta-blocker therapy, with a sampling frequency of 10 samples h-1

Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter

Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, α-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology and metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children and young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic and dopaminergic nuclei and the cerebellum and their associated ultrastructural alterations. Here, we identify NPs in the locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigrae (SN) and cerebellum by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 197 samples from 179 MMC residents, aged 25.9 ± 9.2 years and seven older adults aged 63 ± 14.5 years. Fe, Ti, Hg, W, Al and Zn spherical and acicular NPs were identified in the SN, LC and cerebellar neural and vascular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, neuromelanin, heterochromatin and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) along with early and progressive neurovascular damage and cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Strikingly, FeNPs 4 ± 1 nm and Hg NPs 8 ± 2 nm were seen predominantly in the LC and SN. Nanoparticles could serve as a common denominator for misfolded proteins and could play a role in altering and obstructing NPCs. The NPs/carbon monoxide correlation is potentially useful for evaluating early neurodegeneration risk in urbanites. Early life NP exposures pose high risk to brains for development of lethal neurologic outcomes. NP emissions sources ought to be clearly recognized, regulated, and monitored; future generations are at stake

Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter

Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, &alpha;-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology and metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children and young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic and dopaminergic nuclei and the cerebellum and their associated ultrastructural alterations. Here, we identify NPs in the locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigrae (SN) and cerebellum by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 197 samples from 179 MMC residents, aged 25.9 &plusmn; 9.2 years and seven older adults aged 63 &plusmn; 14.5 years. Fe, Ti, Hg, W, Al and Zn spherical and acicular NPs were identified in the SN, LC and cerebellar neural and vascular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, neuromelanin, heterochromatin and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) along with early and progressive neurovascular damage and cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Strikingly, FeNPs 4 &plusmn; 1 nm and Hg NPs 8 &plusmn; 2 nm were seen predominantly in the LC and SN. Nanoparticles could serve as a common denominator for misfolded proteins and could play a role in altering and obstructing NPCs. The NPs/carbon monoxide correlation is potentially useful for evaluating early neurodegeneration risk in urbanites. Early life NP exposures pose high risk to brains for development of lethal neurologic outcomes. NP emissions sources ought to be clearly recognized, regulated, and monitored; future generations are at stake