The SNR G106.3+2.7 and its Pulsar Wind Nebula: relics of triggered star formation in a complex environment

We propose that the pulsar nebula associated with the pulsar J2229+6114 and the supernova remnant (SNR) G106.3+2.7 are the result of the same supernova explosion. The whole structure is located at the edge of an HI bubble with extended regions of molecular gas inside. The radial velocities of both the atomic hydrogen and the molecular material suggest a distance of 800 pc. At this distance the SNR is 14 pc long and 6 pc wide. Apparently the bubble was created by the stellar wind and supernova explosions of a group of stars in its center which also triggered the formation of the progenitor star of G106.3+2.7. The progenitor star exploded at or close to the current position of the pulsar, which is at one end of the SNR rather than at its center. The expanding shock wave of the supernova explosion created a comet shaped supernova remnant by running into dense material and then breaking out into the inner part of the HI bubble. A synchrotron nebula with a shell-like structure (the ``Boomerang'') of length 0.8 pc was created by the pulsar wind interacting with the dense ambient medium. The expanding shock wave created an HI shell of mass 0.4 Msun around this nebula by ionizing the atomic hydrogen in its vicinity.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, with aastex and emulateapj5, 5 figures. ApJ, accepted, scheduled for the v560 n1 p1 Oct 10, 2001 issu

Against Reactionary Populism: Opening a Needed Conversation in Education

In the early throes of the U.S. counter-cultural movement of the 1960s, Bob Dylan sang, “You don’t need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.” Less a critique of experts than a commentary on the observable cross-currents in U.S. (and global) politics and culture at the time, Dylan slyly paid homage to the capacities of average citizens to find their own way through the mess, while indicting a heavy-handed government consolidating power in a world gone wrong. Like then, we find ourselves in a world that is seemingly going wrong at every turn and with no dearth of heavy-handed governments. We see this each time we compulsively reach for our phones or turn on our computers, get our daily drip of division, distraction, or news (a 24/7 version of the two minutes of hate in Orwell’s 1984 coupled with a steady supply of soma from A Brave New World), check our feeds, or resend someone’s 150 characters of revelation. If these things fail to satiate one’s penchant for pain or desire to confirm the end times, then we can get a concentrated version of the malaise when the person in the position of president of the U.S. tweets, often multiple times per day, an alphabet soup of very rarely coded nativism, isolationism, conspiracy theories, and wounded white male entitlement. Unlike the time in which the young Dylan briefly railed, it seems we would not trust the insight of a meteorologist (or any expert, for that matter) even when we need it, much less have a basic hope in the capacities of others to help us through the thicket that is the current political and cultural landscape. Or, so we are instructed: Be afraid, be distrustful and, most of all, be aggrieved. Outside of an insightful run of books by Giroux over the past two decades, very little has been said about the role of schooling and education, more broadly, in challenging the great fracture and regression. This special issue seeks, admittedly in a modest way, to begin broader conversations about the role of schooling and education in enriching democracy and challenging reactionary populisms

Consumer attitudes, perceptions and motivations towards buying open milk in Turkey

Open milk is subject to adulteration and threatens public health. Despite the health experts' warnings, many consumers in Turkey still prefer milk sold by street vendors. This study investigated families' open milk (street milk) and packaged milk consumption habits and the reasons for consuming open or packaged milk in Bursa, Turkey. The data were obtained through a face-to-face survey of 478 families. Research revealed that 34.6% of adults and 66% of children regularly consume milk. Participants who consumed milk consumed it for bone development (38.1%) and a rich protein source (22.7%). Half of those (45%) who did not drink milk were not accustomed to drinking milk. %13.8 did not like the taste, and %13.5 is allergic to dairy products. People primarily bought milk from markets (41.1%) and street vendors (21.1%). They preferred whole milk (29.7%) and semi-skimmed milk (29.%). Reasons for purchasing open milk were freshness (31.1%) and no additives (24.0%). Reasons for not buying open milk were unhygienic (40.7%) and not being subject to quality control (41.7%). Although its sales are decreasing, open milk purchases continue. Open milk sales should be restricted, and packaged milk options offered to consumers should be increased

Quiet and blessed: rural tourism experience and visitor satisfaction in the shadow of Covid-19 and beyond

Rural tourism has an increasing share of the country's tourism income and significantly contributes to the rural economy. Intensive research has been conducted on how Covid-19 affects the tourism industry and the challenges and opportunities the sector face. Although the rise of rural tourism is frequently highlighted post-Covid-19, research examining the satisfaction levels of visitors involved in rural tourism is almost nonexistent. The study's main aim is to determine customers' satisfaction levels from rural activities in and around the İznik District of Bursa province and to recommend improvement. We obtained data from a structured survey conducted with 408 people who visited İznik at least once. SPSS 23 program was also used to analyze the data obtained. Results show that visitors' satisfaction with nature and the environment is above average, and their satisfaction with the services provided is below average. The most critical dissatisfaction was the increasing environmental pollution, the loss of natural beauty, the local government's inability to do the necessary cleaning and maintenance work, and the lack of introductory information in places with historical and natural characteristics. Participants wanted to stay in caravans and tents rather than hotels and suggested expanding and improving those facilities. They suggested that local textures are preserved, and more local food and beverages are offered. The suggestion shows that visitors demand integrating more with nature, local life and historical texture

The distance to the SNR CTB109 deduced from its environment

We conducted a study of the environment around the supernova remnant CTB109. We found that the SNR is part of a large complex of HII regions extending over an area of 400 pc along the Galactic plane at a distance of about 3 kpc at the closer edge of the Perseus spiral arm. At this distance CTB109 has a diameter of about 24 pc. We demonstrated that including spiral shocks in the distance estimation is an ultimate requirement to determine reliable distances to objects located in the Perseus arm. The most likely explanation for the high concentration of HII regions and SNRs is that the star formation in this part of the Perseus arm is triggered by the spiral shock.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

The Supernova Remnant CTB104A : Magnetic Field Structure and Interaction with the Environment

We present new, high resolution 1420 and 408 MHz continuum images and HI and 12CO (J=1-0) spectral line maps of the diffuse supernova remnant CTB104A (G93.7-0.3). Analysis of the complex continuum emission reveals no significant spectral index variations across the remnant. Three prominences around CTB104A are found to be related to the SNR, while one extension to the east is identified as an HII region associated with a background molecular shell. Small scale polarization and rotation measure (RM) structures are turbulent in nature, but we find a well-ordered RM gradient across the remnant, extending from southeast to northwest. This gradient does not agree with the direction of the global Galactic magnetic field, but does agree with a large-scale RM anomaly inferred from rotation measure data by Cleg et al. (1992). We show that the observed morphology of CTB104A is consistent with expansion in a uniform magnetic field, and this is supported by the observed RM distribution. By modeling the RM gradient with a simple compression model we have determined the magnetic field strength within the remnant as Bo ~ 2.3 micro G. We have identified signatures of the interaction of CTB104A with the surrounding neutral material, and determined its distance, from the kinematics of the HI structure encompassing the radio emission, as 1.5 kpc. We also observed clear breaks in the HI shell that correspond well to the positions of two of the prominences, indicating regions where hot gas is escaping from the interior of the SNR.Comment: 7 pages, Latex with aastex and emulateapj5, 12 figures, ApJ accepte

Consumer dynamics for poultry purchasing behaviour in Turkey

The recent increases in red meat prices have caused poultry consumption to come to the fore. This research aimed to determine factors affecting consumers' poultry consumption, their preferences for poultry outlets by their income, and their consumption and purchasing frequencies. A diagnostic questionnaire was completed with 345 households. All data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 program. Crosstables were used to verify possible associations among the study variables. Consumers mostly purchased chicken once a week (36.5%) and turkey on special occasions (17.7%) and 1-3 times a year (12.2%). Consumers primarily consume chicken several times a week (48.1%) and turkey once a month (42.6%). Production date was most important (66.4%) in poultry preference factors, followed by taste (64.6%) and freshness (60.9%). Advertising (19.4%) and product region/origin (9%) were the least important factors in poultry preference. The consumers participating in the survey mostly purchased chicken from discount markets (31.9%). Less turkey was consumed than chicken. The consumers' lack of turkey consumption habits affected the consumption frequency. Consumers should be informed of the nutritional value of turkey to increase the frequency of turkey consumption in Bursa. Turkey producers should be given more support, and its sales channels should be increased

Limitations of Dutch Growth Research Foundation Commercial Software Weight Velocity for Age Standard Deviation Score

BACKGROUND The commercial software for hospitals, Weight Velocity for Age Standard Deviation Score (SDSWVA), claims to document the growth and development of children, although published details are unavailable. The statistics-derived parameter SDSWVA includes the weight velocity at age t, WV(t) (weight gained between t and (t-1.23) years, divided by 1.23), and 3 standard weight velocity curves at average age AA, defined as AA=t-1.23/2 years. SDSWVA denotes the number of standard deviations that WV(t) deviates from the 0 SD weight velocity at AA. WV(t) yielded erroneous outcomes when applied to weights of a seriously underweight boy with an allergy to cows' milk who showed strong weight growth after being fed on food free of cows' milk. The SDSWVA software tacitly suggests that it is more accurate than WV(t). CASE REPORT The case of this boy was previously described in this Journal. Using SDSWVA(t,AA) software, his weight growth was analyzed by his third pediatrician, beginning at age 1.5 years. The diagnosis of the mother with Pediatric Condition Falsification was confirmed, adding 6 months to foster care, which totalled 8.5 months. Testing of the SDSWVA software on the boy's weight curve yielded results that were complex, nontransparent, and as erroneous as WV(t), explaining the misdiagnosis by the third pediatrician. CONCLUSIONS SDSWVA software should not be used for children under 3 years and during variable weight behavior. Erroneous performance, unpublished details, and an error identified in their new but untested software make the Dutch Growth Research Foundation unlikely to meet the 2020 European Union regulations for in vitro medical devices

A large atomic hydrogen shell in the outer Galaxy: SNR or stellar wind bubble?

We report the detection of a ring like HI structure toward l=90.0, b=2.8 with a velocity of v_LSR=-99 km/s. This velocity implies a distance of d=13 kpc, corresponding to a Galactocentric radius of R_gal=15 kpc. The l-v_LSR diagram implies an expansion velocity of v_exp ~ 15 km/s for the shell. The structure has an oblate, irregular shell-like appearance which surrounds weak infrared emission as seen in the 60 micrometer IRAS data. At a distance of 13 kpc the size of the object is about 110 x 220 pc and placed 500 pc above the Galactic plane with a mass of 1e5 solar mass. An expanding shell with such a high mass and diameter cannot be explained by a single supernova explosion or by a single stellar wind bubble. We interpret the structure as a relic of a distant stellar activity region powered by the joint action of strong stellar winds from early type stars and supernova explosions.Comment: Accepted for publication by The Astrophysical Journal, 5 Pages, 4 Figure