4,836 research outputs found
form factors from lattice QCD
We report the first lattice QCD calculation of the form factors for the
standard model tree-level decay . In combination with future
measurement, this calculation will provide an alternative exclusive
semileptonic determination of . We compare our results with previous
model calculations, make predictions for differential decay rates and branching
fractions, and predict the ratio of differential branching fractions between
and . We also present standard model
predictions for differential decay rate forward-backward asymmetries,
polarization fractions, and calculate potentially useful ratios of
form factors with those of the fictitious decay. Our lattice
simulations utilize NRQCD and HISQ light quarks on a subset of the MILC
Collaboration's asqtad gauge configurations, including two lattice
spacings and a range of light quark masses.Comment: 24 pages, 21 figures; Ver. 2 matches published versio
B→Dlν form factors at nonzero recoil and extraction of |Vcb|
We present a lattice QCD calculation of the B→Dlν semileptonic decay form factors f+(q2) and f0(q2) for the entire physical q2 range. Nonrelativistic QCD bottom quarks and highly improved staggered quark charm and light quarks are employed together with Nf=2+1 MILC gauge configurations. A joint fit to our lattice and BABAR experimental data allows an extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vcb|. We also determine the phenomenologically interesting ratio R(D)=B(B→Dτντ)/B(B→Dlνl) (l=e,μ). We find |Vcb|B→Dexcl=0.0402(17)(13), where the first error consists of the lattice simulation errors and the experimental statistical error and the second error is the experimental systematic error. For the branching fraction ratio we find R(D)=0.300(8)
Evolution of the Milky Way halo by accretion of dwarf satellite galaxies
Within the Cold Dark Matter scenario the hierarchical merging paradigm is the
natural result to form massive galactic halos by the minor mergers of sub-halos
and, by this, inherently their stellar halo. Although this must be also invoked
for the Milky Way, the context of chemical and kinematic coherence of halo
stars and dwarf spheroidal galaxies is yet unsolved a focus of present-day
research. To examine this issue we model the chemo-dynamical evolution of the
system of satellites selected from the cosmological Via Lactea II simulations
to be similar for the Milky Way environment but at an early epoch.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the CRAL
conference, Lyon, June 2010, "A Universe of Dwarf Galaxies", eds. Philippe
Prugniel & Mina Koleva; EDP Sciences in the European Astronomical Society
Publications Serie
Microelectromechanical Scanner Using a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
Optical scanners play a prominent role in the commercial and military industries. The scanner\u27s size, cost and reliability are critical characteristics. In this research a microoptical scanning system was fabricated by incorporating a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) onto a surface machined microelectromechanical die. The micro optics for laser beam steering includes a 135 deg mirror, a Fresnel lens, a lateral scanning rotating mirror, and a vertical scanning fan mirror. The VCSEL was attached to the die by solder and electrical connection was provided by wire bonding. Based on far field measurements the scanner had a lateral scan angle of 5.7 degrees and a vertical scan angle of 4.4 degrees. Based on spot diameter measurements at the fan mirror the scanner had a divergence angle of 0.524 degrees. The potential military applications of these scanners include laser radars, laser detectors, holographic storage devices, and data links between integrated circuit chips
Robust, automated sleep scoring by a compact neural network with distributional shift correction.
Studying the biology of sleep requires the accurate assessment of the state of experimental subjects, and manual analysis of relevant data is a major bottleneck. Recently, deep learning applied to electroencephalogram and electromyogram data has shown great promise as a sleep scoring method, approaching the limits of inter-rater reliability. As with any machine learning algorithm, the inputs to a sleep scoring classifier are typically standardized in order to remove distributional shift caused by variability in the signal collection process. However, in scientific data, experimental manipulations introduce variability that should not be removed. For example, in sleep scoring, the fraction of time spent in each arousal state can vary between control and experimental subjects. We introduce a standardization method, mixture z-scoring, that preserves this crucial form of distributional shift. Using both a simulated experiment and mouse in vivo data, we demonstrate that a common standardization method used by state-of-the-art sleep scoring algorithms introduces systematic bias, but that mixture z-scoring does not. We present a free, open-source user interface that uses a compact neural network and mixture z-scoring to allow for rapid sleep scoring with accuracy that compares well to contemporary methods. This work provides a set of computational tools for the robust automation of sleep scoring
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