Ice structures, patterns, and processes: A view across the ice-fields

We look ahead from the frontiers of research on ice dynamics in its broadest sense; on the structures of ice, the patterns or morphologies it may assume, and the physical and chemical processes in which it is involved. We highlight open questions in the various fields of ice research in nature; ranging from terrestrial and oceanic ice on Earth, to ice in the atmosphere, to ice on other solar system bodies and in interstellar space

Synthesis, characterization and investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some new 2-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl)azomethine]phenyl 4-nitrobenzoate derivatives

The synthesis of 2-{[3-alkyl(aryl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl]azomethine}-phenyl 4-nitrobenzoates 3from the reactions of 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones 1 with 2-(4-nitrobenzoxy)-benzaldehyde 2is described. The acetylation reactions of the compounds 3 giving compounds 4 have been investigated. The compounds 3 have also been treated with 4-piperidinecarboxamide / piperazine in the presence of formaldehyde according to the Mannich reaction to synthesize 2-{[1-(4-piperidinecarboxamide-1-yl-methyl)-3-alkyl(aryl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one-4-yl]azomethine}-phenyl 4-benzoates 5 and N,N´-bis-{3-alkyl(aryl)-4-[2-(4-nitrobenzoxy)-benzylidenamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on-1-yl-methyl}-piperazines 6. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized using IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV-Vis and mass spectral data. In addition, the newly synthesized compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, these thirty one new compounds have been analyzed for their in vitro potential antioxidant activities by three different methods