STUDY OF SEISMIC EFFECTS ON CHANGES IN GROUNDWATER PRESSURE: EQUIPMENNT AND SOME WELL OBSERVASTION RESULTS FOR THE KAMCHATKA PENINSULA

The relevance of the work is determined by the necessity to develop the hardware part of the seismic subsystem of the Large-Scale Research Facilities functioning at the Federal Research Center of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences to study seismic signals in groundwater pressure changes. For this purpose, the well monitoring on the territory of the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky test site, Kamchatka Peninsula, was updated using Keller equipment, Switzerland (sensors of PAA36 XiW CTD Si, PAA36 XiW modifications, data logger GSM-2), Campbell Scientific Inc, USA (CR6 and CR1000 data loggers) and a budgetary hydrogeodynamic data recorder (HDDR) based on the STK-1 minicomputers, created at the Kamchatka Branch of the GS RAS. A description has been provided concerning the sets of digital equipment installed in four wells for precise recording of groundwater pressure variations with a frequency of 20.00–0.08 Hz. Consideration is being given to the characteristics of the equipment installed in individual wells and to the problems solved in the process of updating the well observation system in order to study vibration effects and hydrogeodynamic precursors of earthquakes. The paper presents the newly obtained results of recording the high-frequency variations in groundwater pressure in wells during the 2020–2021 local and remote earthquakes. A discussion is provided of new possibilities for studying vibration effects on changes in ground water pressure with a frequency comparable to the frequency of recording seismic events by seismometric equipment. Using a new equipment for recording water pressure in the unique well E-1 made it possible to record, a hydrogeodynamic precursor in real time before the March 16, 2021, Mw=6.6 earthquake which occurred at the epicentral distance of 350 km from the well

Synthesis of 8-phenyl substituted 3-benzazecines with allene moiety, their thermal rearrangement and evaluation as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Various 4′-R-substituted phenyl azacyclic allenes were synthesized in good yields, and their thermal transformations were studied. For the first time, the obtained rearrangement products—new N-bridged cyclopenta[a]indenes, and the corresponding parent allenes were evaluated as potential inhibitors of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Among the tested compounds, the allene derivative 2g proved to competitively inhibit human AChE with inhibition constant value (Ki) in the low micromolar range. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.

On Tamm's problem in the Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation theory

We analyse the well-known Tamm problem treating the charge motion on a finite space interval with the velocity exceeding light velocity in medium. By comparing Tamm's formulae with the exact ones we prove that former do not properly describe Cherenkov radiation terms. We also investigate Tamm's formula cos(theta)=1/(beta n) defining the position of maximum of the field strengths Fourier components for the infinite uniform motion of a charge. Numerical analysis of the Fourier components of field strengths shows that they have a pronounced maximum at cos(theta)=1/(beta n) only for the charge motion on the infinitely small interval. As the latter grows, many maxima appear. For the charge motion on an infinite interval there is infinite number of maxima of the same amplitude. The quantum analysis of Tamm's formula leads to the same results.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, to be published in J.Phys.D:Appl.Phy

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТОВ ЗЕМЛЕТРЯСЕНИЙ В ИЗМЕНЕНИЯХ ДАВЛЕНИЯ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОД: АППАРАТУРА И НЕКОТОРЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ В СКВАЖИНАХ ПОЛУОСТРОВА КАМЧАТКА

The relevance of the work is determined by the necessity to develop the hardware part of the seismic subsystem of the Large-Scale Research Facilities functioning at the Federal Research Center of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences to study seismic signals in groundwater pressure changes. For this purpose, the well monitoring on the territory of the Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky test site, Kamchatka Peninsula, was updated using Keller equipment, Switzerland (sensors of PAA36 XiW CTD Si, PAA36 XiW modifications, data logger GSM-2), Campbell Scientific Inc, USA (CR6 and CR1000 data loggers) and a budgetary hydrogeodynamic data recorder (HDDR) based on the STK-1 minicomputers, created at the Kamchatka Branch of the GS RAS. A description has been provided concerning the sets of digital equipment installed in four wells for precise recording of groundwater pressure variations with a frequency of 20.00–0.08 Hz. Consideration is being given to the characteristics of the equipment installed in individual wells and to the problems solved in the process of updating the well observation system in order to study vibration effects and hydrogeodynamic precursors of earthquakes. The paper presents the newly obtained results of recording the high-frequency variations in groundwater pressure in wells during the 2020–2021 local and remote earthquakes. A discussion is provided of new possibilities for studying vibration effects on changes in ground water pressure with a frequency comparable to the frequency of recording seismic events by seismometric equipment. Using a new equipment for recording water pressure in the unique well E-1 made it possible to record, a hydrogeodynamic precursor in real time before the March 16, 2021, Mw=6.6 earthquake which occurred at the epicentral distance of 350 km from the well.Актуальность работы определяется необходимостью развития аппаратурной части сейсмической подсистемы уникальной научной установки, функционирующей в Федеральном исследовательском центре «Единая геофизическая служба Российской академии наук» (ФИЦ ЕГС РАН), для исследования сейсмических сигналов в изменениях давления подземных вод. Для этой цели выполнена модернизация системы скважинных наблюдений на территории Петропавловск-Камчатского полигона с использованием аппаратуры Keller, Швейцария (датчики модификаций PAA36 XiW CTD Si, PAA36 XiW, регистратор GSM-2), Campbell Scientific Inc, США (регистраторы CR6 и CR1000), и регистратора гидрогеодинамических данных наблюдений (РГДН) на основе миникомпьютеров типа STK-1, созданного в Камчатском филиале ФИЦ ЕГС РАН. Представлено описание комплектов цифрового скважинного оборудования для прецизионной регистрации вариаций давления подземных вод с частотой 20.00–0.08 Гц, установленных в четырех скважинах. Рассматриваются задачи, решаемые в процессе модернизации системы скважинных наблюдений с целью изучения вибрационных эффектов и гидрогеодинамических предвестников землетрясений. Представлены результаты регистрации высокочастотных вариаций давления подземных вод в скважинах при местных и удаленных землетрясениях 2020–2021 гг., полученных с использованием установленного оборудования. Обсуждаются вопросы новых возможностей в изучении вибрационных эффектов в изменениях давления подземной воды с частотой, сопоставимой с частотой регистрации сейсмических событий сейсмометрическим оборудованием. С использованием нового оборудования для регистрации давления воды в уникальной скважине Е-1 в режиме реального времени был зарегистрирован гидрогеодинамический предвестник перед землетрясением 16 марта 2021 г., Мw=6.6, произошедшим на эпицентральном расстоянии 350 км от скважины

Nuclear Reaction Network for Primordial Nucleosynthesis: a detailed analysis of rates, uncertainties and light nuclei yields

We analyze in details the standard Primordial Nucleosynthesis scenario. In particular we discuss the key theoretical issues which are involved in a detailed prediction of light nuclide abundances, as the weak reaction rates, neutrino decoupling and nuclear rate modeling. We also perform a new analysis of available data on the main nuclear processes entering the nucleosynthesis reaction network, with particular stress on their uncertainties as well as on their role in determining the corresponding uncertainties on light nuclide theoretical estimates. The current status of theoretical versus experimental results for 2H, 3He, 4He and 7Li is then discussed using the determination of the baryon density as obtained from Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies.Comment: LaTeX, 83 pages, 30 .pdf figures. Some typos in the units of R-functions in appendix D and relative plots fixe

Психологические дисфункции у женщин с бронхиальной астмой

Background. The importance of psychosocial factors in the management of bronchial asthma (BA) is discussed in clinical guidelines, including in international and national clinical guidelines. However, a specific evaluation of their role as a cause of poor asthma control in susceptible patients is required. Aim. Assessment of psychological health of women with different levels of asthma control.Materials and methods. The study included 108 women with asthma observed in Saratov center for Allergology who were stratified into 3 groups according to the control level (good, partial, uncontrolled, according to GINA). In establishing a diagnosis of asthma, standard methods were used (medical history, symptoms, spirography). To assess the level of control, ACQ-5 (Asthma Control Questionnaire 5 items-self-administered) was used, to assess the quality of life, questionnaires AQLQ-S (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire S); SF-36 (36-ltem MOS Short-Form Health Survey), a standardized and validated Russian version of the women’s health questionnaire WHQ (Women’s Health Questionnaire) were used; for psychological diagnosis and evaluation of social and personal competencies that contribute to the preservation and improvement of human health (the intellectual, personal, emotional, physical, social, creative, spiritual aspects), integrated multimodal questionnaire was used. The comparison was conducted with a control group of men with bronchial asthma, comparable in age and level of control.Results. Women with poorly controlled asthma had worse performance of AQLQ-S (combined median score of 3,43 instead of 5,13 in the group of good control; p < 0,05); all scales of the SF-36, including the general condition (43,48 against 55,07), role of physical (25,93 against 57,76) and emotional problems (43,83 against 64,37); at p < 0.05. According to the WHQ questionnaire (the inverse relationship: the higher the score, the lower the quality of life) in the group with poor control there is a high level of depression (mean 0,36 versus 0,24; p < 0,05); physical health problems are marked (0,47 against 0,27; p < 0,05). There is a very low selfestimation of their attractiveness in BA (0,71 and 0,64 for bad and good control, respectively). According to the integrated multimodal questionnaire, in both men and women with asthma almost identical results were obtained on the scales sensitive to manifestations of anxiety-depressive symptoms, emotional balance, scales of emotional skills, correlating with severe alexithymia and low capacity for reflection. Among women the proportion of individuals with high scores of intellectual functioning, strong-willed competence, goal-setting, and ability of making contacts was higher.Conclusion. The severity of asthma and disease control are closely linked with the psychological condition of the patient. Psychological dysfunctions are correlated with suboptimal BA control. It is important to understand psychological differences in women and to educate patients in both effective BA control and in establishing individualized asthma management strategies.There is a need for a multidisciplinary approach aimed at the identification and effective correction of asthma. The study of the psychological characteristics of personality and motivational sphere of the patient can help to optimize therapy, improve monitoring and prognosis of the disease. Введение. Важность психосоциальных факторов в управлении бронхиальной астмой (БА) обсуждается в клинических руководствах, включая международные и национальные клинические рекомендации, однако требуется конкретная оценка их роли в качестве причин плохого контроля астмы в уязвимых группах пациентов.Цель исследования. Оценка психологического здоровья женщин с разным уровнем контроля бронхиальной астмы.Материал и методы. В исследование включены 108 женщин с бронхиальной астмой, наблюдающихся в Саратовском аллергологическом центре, которые были стратифицированы на три группы в соответствии с уровнем контроля (хороший, частичный, неконтролируемый (GINA)). При постановке диагноза бронхиальной астмы использованы стандартные методы (анамнез, симптомы, спирография). Для оценки уровня контроля использовались Asthma Control Questionnaire 5 items-self-administered (ACQ-5), качества жизни – опросники Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire S (AQLQ-S), 36-ltem MOS Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), стандартизированная и валидизированная русскоязычная версия опросника женского здоровья Women’s Health Questionnaire (WHQ). Для психологической диагностики и оценки социально-личностных компетенций, способствующих сохранению и развитию здоровья человека (интеллектуальный, личностный, эмоциональный, физический, социальный, творческий, духовный аспекты), применялся мультимодальный интегрированный опросник (МИО). Сравнение проводилось с контрольной группой мужчин с бронхиальной астмой, сопоставимых по возрасту и уровню контроля.Результаты. Женщины с плохо контролируемой астмой имели худшие показатели AQLQ-S (суммарная медиана баллов 3,43 вместо 5,13 в группе хорошего контроля; p < 0,05); всех шкал SF-36, включая общее состояние (43,48 против 55,07), роль физических (25,93 против 57,76) и эмоциональных проблем (43,83 против 64,37); р < 0,05. По опроснику WHQ (обратная зависимость: чем выше балл, тем ниже качество жизни) при плохом контроле отмечается высокая выраженность депрессии (среднее значение 0,36 против 0,24; p < 0,05), проблем физического здоровья (0,47 против 0,27; p < 0,05). Отмечена чрезвычайно низкая оценка собственной привлекательности при БА (0,71 и 0,64 соответственно при плохом и хорошем контроле). По опроснику МИО у мужчин и женщин с БА получены практически одинаковые показатели по шкалам, чувствительным к проявлениям тревожно-депрессивной симптоматики, эмоциональной уравновешенности, шкалам эмотивных навыков, коррелирующих с выраженной алекситимией и низкой способностью к рефлексии. Среди женщин была выше доля индивидуумов с высокими шкалами интеллектуального функционирования, волевой компетенции, целеполагания, контактности.Заключение. Тяжесть астмы, контроль заболевания тесно связаны с психологическим состоянием больного. Существует необходимость в междисциплинарном подходе, направленном на выявление и эффективную коррекцию психофункциональных расстройств при БА. Изучение психологических особенностей личности и мотивационной сферы пациента может способствовать оптимизации терапии, улучшению контроля и прогноза заболевания.

Variation of Geophysical Parameters During Preparation of Seismic Events in Georgia (2023)

The article contain information about several hydrodynamic and geomagnetic anomalies were observed during February 2023 -October 2023 on the multiparametric monitoring network of M. Nodia institute of Geophysics. Data were analyzed by the special program which gives possibility to exclude the influence of geological factors by the common value of tidal variations. Was analyzed reaction of parameters to the earthquake preparation process. More the 20 year was operating a special network of hydro-geodynamical (water level, Atmosphere pressure and air temperature) observation on the territory of Georgia [1,2,3]. Ten deep boreholes located basically on the main geo-plate and open deep aquifers. These wells as sensitive strain-meters recorded all kinds of deformation caused by exogenous (atmospheric pressure, tidal variations and season variation), as well as endogenous processes. During observation on the territory of Georgia has observed various anomalies by water level before seismic events [4,5]. Revealing of the mechanism of interrelation between the deformation processes, forestall strong earthquakes, and a hydrodynamic variation of underground waters, would allow to explain such preliminary behavior of hydrodynamic effects and to develop scientifically proven methods of the forecast of earthquakes

Oni Water Reaction on Earthquake in 2021

It is known that variations of water level represent itself an integrated response of aquifer to different periodic as well as non periodic influences, including earthquake related strain generation in the earth crust. The article deals about detected anomalies at the Oni borehole, during preparation of strong earthquake, with long epicentral distance. For this purpose, were developed the data of water level for Oni borehole. Were registered the hidrodeformation anomalies caused by the earthquake preparation processes. As a result, have been identified precursory anomalies and has been confirmed high sensitivity to the geodynamic processes