Basics of designing buildings to the influence of mining according to eurocodes and national guidelines

Oddziaływania górnicze są niezwykle skomplikowane i złożone, nieprzewidywalne, a metody projektowania obiektów na tego rodzaju oddziaływania nie są ujęte w żadnym kompleksowym opracowaniu, stanowiącym scaloną, uaktualnioną, normową podstawę w zakresie projektowania budynków i budowli na terenach górniczych. W projektowaniu budynków na terenach górniczych istotne jest uwzględnienie wszelkich zagadnień i problemów związanych z procesami deformacyjnymi górotworu wywołanymi eksploatacją górniczą oraz stosowanie zasad kształtowania konstrukcji i właściwej metodologii projektowania.Designing buildings in mining areas according to Eurocodes and national guidelines. Mining influences are extremely complicated and folded, unpredictable, and methods of designing objects for that kind of influences are included in no comprehensive study, constituting merged, updated, base of norms base in designing buildings and the building on mining areas. In the buildings design on mining areas considering all issues and connected problems is significant from process deformation triggered with mining and applying principles of the forming of the structure and appropriate design technique

Chronostratigraphy of Jerzmanowician : new data from Koziarnia Cave, Poland

Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (LRJ) industries are extremely scarce in Central Europe. Therefore, each LRJ site is of great importance. One of them is Koziarnia Cave in Poland situated eastwards relative to other LRJ sites. Our investigations of this cave provided new chronostratigraphic data for the LRJ industries. A detail debitage analysis recognised the ventral thinning chips and enabled identification of the LRJ assemblage-containing stratum. Besides the LRJ assemblage, strata with traces of Late Middle Palaeolithic and Early Gravettian occupation were found at the site. The radiocarbon dates of Koziarnia samples show that the archaeological settlement represents one of the oldest Gravettian stays north to the Carpathians. Moreover, these dates demonstrate that humans and cave bears had alternately occupied the cave. Additionally, the radiocarbon dates indicate relatively young chronology of the Jerzmanowician occupation in Koziarnia Cave (ca. 39-36 ky calBP). The results suggest the long chronology of the LRJ technocomplex, exceeding the Campanian Ignimbrite event.Cave siteMiddle/Upper Palaeolithic transition; Leafpoint industries; Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician; Early Gravettia