Fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of Myrtus (Myrtus communis L.)

In this study, the antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts of Myrtus communis L (EEMC) of fruit, seed, and peel were investigated by different antioxidant methods including free radical scavenging activities of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and ferric reducing power. Antioxidant activity results of EEMC were studied by spectrophotometer and results were compared with BHA, BHT and Trolox as the positive control. Besides tests total phenolic compound amounts were determined in the studied parts of Myrtus. In addition, the fatty acid composition of seed and peel were also determined by gas chromatography equipped flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). The scavenging effects of EEMC parts and standards on DPPH radical at 40 μg/mL concentration decreased in the order of Trolox>Seed>BHA>BHT>Fruit>Peel and were designated as 87.77, 83.77, 82.94, 63.60, 15.36 and 8.79%. DPPH free radical scavenging activities of seed EEMC at 40 μg/mL concentration were found higher than other parts (peel and fruit) and BHA, BHT. The scavenging effects of EEMC parts and standards on ABTS cation radical at 10 μg/mL concentration decreased in the order of Trolox=BHA>Seed>BHT>Peel>Fruit and were found as 92.7, 92.7, 92.6, 92.4, 78.3 and 71.7%. However, the values were not statistically significant. Reducing power activity of EEMC parts and standards were in the following order: BHT >BHA>Seed>Trolox>Fruit>Peel. Total phenolic compound amount were found for peel, fruit and seed as 8.66 mgGAE/g extract, 37.74 mgGAE/g extract, 251.93 mgGAE/g extract, respectively. Fatty acid composition for peel and seed samples were found as 13.5, 15.8, 61.1 and 9.79, 10.38, 75.5% for oleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acids, respectively. In conclusion, the fruit, seed, and peel ethanol extracts of Myrtus (Myrtus communis L.) exhibit high antioxidant activity and are composed of high amounts of phenolic compounds. Therefore, these products easily can be used as natural antioxidant sources for human health and may be preferred instead of synthetic antioxidants in public health or the food industry. The highest amounts of fatty acids in peels and seeds were linoleic acid and the lowest was also γ-linolenic acid and α-linolenic acid in both parts

Synthesis, characterization and inhibitor properties of benzimidazolium salts bearing 4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl side arms

© 2022 Elsevier B.V.Herein, a series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors bearing sulfonyl moieties was prepared. 1-(4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-3-alkylbenzimidazolium chloride salts were synthesized with the reaction of 1-alkylbenzimidazoles with 4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl chloride. These compounds were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. Molecular and crystal structures of compounds 2e and 2j were determined by using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Furthermore, enzyme inhibitory properties of benzimidazolium salt were tested against xanthine oxidase (XO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), then determined the IC50 value range of XO were determined from 0.218 to 1.927 µM, while the IC50 for AChE were determined from 1.328 to 5.22. Docking applications were used by using AutoDock4 in order to define the binding pose of the selected compounds, (2c, 2d and 2g) and also to visualize the correlation of the generated optimal complexes. It is found that the compound 2g has good binding affinity (-11.24 kcal/mol) against AChE, on the other side, compound 2c shows the lowest binding energy (-8.32 kcal/mol) for the XO target. These findings and the defined compounds could be as potential agents to develop effective medicine for AChE and XO in the future

Synthesis, characterisation, biological evaluation and in silico studies of sulphonamide Schiff bases

Sulphonamides are biologically important compounds with low toxicity, many bioactivities and cost-effectiveness. Eight sulphonamide derivatives were synthesised and characterised by FT-IR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis. Their inhibitory effect on AChE, and carbonic anhydrase I and II enzyme activities was investigated. Their antioxidant activity was determined using different bioanalytical assays such as radical scavenging tests with ABTS•+, and DPPH•+ as well as metal-reducing abilities with CUPRAC, and FRAP assays. All compounds showed satisfactory enzyme inhibitory potency in nanomolar concentrations against AChE and CA isoforms with KI values ranging from 10.14 ± 0.03 to 100.58 ± 1.90 nM. Amine group containing derivatives showed high metal reduction activity and about 70% ABTS radical scavenging activity. Due to their antioxidant activity and AChE inhibition, these novel compounds may be considered as leads for investigations in neurodegenerative diseases