Role of biostimulant priming applications on germination, growth and chlorophyll content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars under salinity stress

Salinity, which is one of the abiotic stresses, has become an important obstacle in agricultural areas. The use of humic acids (HA) as a biostimulant is increasing day by day and it is tried to increase the resistance of plants against stress. In this study, the effects of HA application of 0-15ml L−1 (4 concentrations) on the resistance to salt (S) 0-150 mM L−1 (4 concentrations) stress in 3 sunflower cultivars (Maximus (C1), Sirena (C2), Reyna (C3) were investigated under laboratory conditions. In the study; germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), salt tolerance percentage (STP), seeding length (SL), root length (RL), relative water content (RWC), real water content (GSI), total chlorophyll (Chl), chlorophyll stability index (CSI) parameters were examined. As a result of the study, HA applications played a role in reducing the negative effects of salt stress on the examined parameters. It was concluded that HA can be evaluated as an effective material that can be used to increase resistance and tolerance of plants against salt stress

Effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) and linseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) plants in salinity conditions

Salinity has become a problem all over the world in agricultural areas. Plants develop a defense mechanism to increase various antioxidant enzyme activities to resist salt stress. In addition, the effects of stress are tried to be reduced with various applications. One of these applications is the application of salicylic acid (SA). However, the effects of SA application vary depending on the plant species and cultivar. In this study, the seeds of sunflower and linseed plants were primed for 4 hours with different concentrations of SA doses 0 (control) (SA1), 0.25 mM (SA2), 0.50 mM (SA3), 1.00 mM (SA4) priming. In the laboratory, the seeds were permitted to develop in petri dishes with different salt 0 (control) (S1), 50 mM (S2), 100 mM (S3), 150m M(S4) concentrations for 14 days. As a result of the study, it was determined that SA had a positive effect on both morphological and chemical properties in both plant species grown under salt stress

Effect of magnetic field strength on the seedling development in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

It is an established fact that the amount of food needed to feed the ever growing future human population will not be enough, i f appropriate measures are not taken. Accordingly, different production methods have been developed. This study aimed to determine the effect of magnetic field strength on seedling development in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The "Tarsan-1018" oil sunflower variety was used in the study. The seeds were exposed to different magnetic field strengths (0-control, 75, 150 and 300 mT) for 36h before planting. The study was carried out with four replications according to the randomized plot design. In the study, seedling length (cm), root length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg), seedling dry weight (mg), and seedling water content (mg) values were determined. All properties except for seedling dry weight were positively affected by magnetic field treatments. The study showed that the magnetic field strength had a positive effect on the seedling growth in sunflower

Effect of foliar-applied aminopolysaccharide chitosan on seedling growth characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under saline conditions

Salinity is a major concern in agricultural areas all over the world. Aminopolysaccharide chitosan is a biopolymer that is known to increase plant tolerance against salinity by increasing various antioxidant enzyme activities. Less studies are available on the effect foliar application of chitosan on safflower plants (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in saline conditions in the greenhouse. In this study, the effects of foliar aplication of 0-0.6% chitosan (4 concentrations) on the resistance to 0-150 mM salt (4 concentrations) in 3 safflower cultivars (Balcı, Linas and Remzibey) were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Chitosan applications played a role in reducing the negative effects of salt stress on the examined morphological features. In addition, the positive effect of chitosan application on enzyme activities in chlorophyll, carotenoid, SOD and CAT was determined by increasing salt doses. However, any positive effect of chitosan on the reduction of MDA content could not be determined. It was concluded that chitosan can be evaluated as an effective natural biopolymer material that can be used to increase resistance and tolerance of plants against salt stress

determination of effects of micro element fertilization on germination and seedling period applied to safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.) cultivars

Özellikle her yıl hissedilir derecede artan bitkisel yağ açığı; yurt dışından hem bitkisel yağ, hem de yağlı tohum ithali ile karşılanmaktadır. Yağ açığının kapatılabilmesi için mevcut yağlı tohumlu bitkilerin üretiminin artırılması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bitkisel üretimi artırmada çeşitli yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi de gübreleme yapmaktır. Ancak genellikle makro besin elementleri gübrelemesi daha çok uygulanmaktadır. Mikro besin elementi gübrelemesi çoğunlukla göz ardı edilmektedir. Bitki gelişiminde ilk gelişme dönemleri olan çimlenme ve fide dönemleri verim üzerinde çok önemlidir. Bitki besin elementlerinin toprakta yeterli miktarda bulunması da bitkilerin çimlenme ve gelişimi için son derece önemlidir. Bu araştırma; farklı mikro besin elementlerinin aspir çeşitlerinin çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla Aksaray Üniversitesi Güzelyurt Meslek Yüksekokulu Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Bölümü uygulama serasında 3 tekerrürlü olarak Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme Desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Aspir diğer yağ bitkilerine göre iklim ve toprak istekleri bakımından daha az seçici olmakla beraber yağ açığımızın kapatılmasında ayçiçeğine alternatif bir bitkidir. Araştırmada materyal olarak 7 aspir çeşidi (Asol, Balcı, Olas, Linas, Göktürk, Hasankendi, Dinçer) ve mikro besin elementlerinin (Fe, Mn, Zn) 3 farklı dozu (kontrol (0), 5, 10 ml/l) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada fide boyu, bitkide yaprak sayısı, gövde çapı, fide yaş ağırlığı, kök sayısı, kök yaş ağırlığı ve kök uzunluğu özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda en kısa fide boyu 15.87 cm olarak kontrol uygulamasında ve Asol çeşidinde, en uzun ise, 18.48 cm olarak Dinçer çeşidinde saptanmıştır. Kök sayısı özelliğinde ise, en az kök Asol çeşidinde, en fazla ise Linas çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 10 ml/l dozunun Dinçer çeşidinde en iyi sonuçları verdiği gözlemlenmiştir.Vegetable oil deficit, which increases significantly every year, is met by importing both vegetable oil and oilseed from abroad. In order to close this gap, it has become necessary to increase the production of existing oilseed plants. So, the various methods are applied to increase crop production. One of these is fertilization. However, generally macro nutrient fertilization is mostly applied compared to micronutrient fertilization is often overlooked. When we look at the plant development, germination and seedling periods, which are the first development stages, are very important on yield besides the presence of sufficient nutrients in the soil. In order to investigate the effects of different micro nutrients on germination and seedling growth of safflower varieties, this study was carried out according to randomized plot design with 3 replications in Aksaray University, Güzelyurt Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production. Compared to the other oil plants, safflower is less selective in terms of climate and soil requirements; thus, it may be considered as an alternative to the sunflower to fill this-oil gap. In the scope of this study, 7 different safflower varieties (Asol, Balcı, Olas, Linas, Göktürk, Hasankendi, Dinçer) and 3 different doses of micro nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) (control (0), 5, 10 ml/l) were carried out. Besides, seedling length, number of leaves per plant, body diameter, seedling age weight, root number, root age weight and root length characteristics were detected. As a result of the research, the shortest seedling length was 15.87 cm in control application and Asol cultivar and the longest was 18.48 cm in Dinçer cultivar. As for the number of roots, the least root was determined in the Asol variety and the highest in Linas variety. At the end of the study, it was observed that 10 ml/l dose gave the best results in Dinçer variety

Effect of chitosan pretreatment on seedling growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius l.) cultivars under saline conditions

Today, salinity has become a major problem in agricultural areas all over the world. However, plants develop a defense mechanism against stress by increasing various antioxidant enzyme activities in order to tolerate salt and other stress factors. In addition to this mechanism, the effects of stress are attempted to be reduced by various applications that increase enzyme activities. One of these applications is chitosan application. In this study, 4 different doses of chitosan pretreatment (0 (control) (Ch1), 0.2% (Ch2), 0.4% (Ch3), 0.6% (Ch4)) were applied to safflower cultivars (Balcı, Linas, Remzibey) for 4 hours under laboratory conditions. For each chitosan application, 50 seeds were germinated under saline conditions (0 (control) (S1), 50 mM (S2), 100 mM (S3), 150 mM (S4)) in petri dish. As a result of the study, it has been determined that chitosan applications provide increases in seedling length, root length, seedling wet weight, root wet weight, germination percentage, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, β-carotene and lycopene parameters. In the study, it was determined that the most effective chitosan application was Ch3 in terms of the properties examined in stress conditions. According to the research results, it was concluded that chitosan can be considered as a natural material that can positively affect in the defense mechanism of plants under stress conditions

Effects of different humic acid doses in leonardite environment on the oil percentage and fatty acids of summer rapeseed (brassica napus ssp oleifera l.) under central anatolian conditions

WOS: 000417007300018Overuse and unconscious use of agricultural lands is causing reduction of organic matters in soil as well as degradation of its chemical structure. The use of chemical and farm manure, the use of organic, organo-mineral, soil adjusters and microbial fertilizers improve efficiency and quality of agricultural production and increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stres. The research was conducted in 2014 and 2015 under Central Anatolian conditions to determine plant ontogenetic phase and effective dose of humic acid (of 15%) + fulvic acid + K and leonardite treatments. The study used 4 treatment doses of humic acid (0, 5000, 10000 and 20000 ml/ha) at different onto genetic stages of the plants during 8 leaved rosette growth (Z(1)), bolting (Z(2)) and flowering period (Z(3)). The results were compared to control plants. The results showed 40.14% oil on non treated control plants. Whereas, it rose to 50.85% when 10000 nil/ha of humic acid was applied. While the oil yield in control plants was 510.1 kg/ha in 2014, it was determined as 709.5 kg/ha when 10000 ml/ha of humic acid + fulvic acid + K was applied. The highest oleic acid was 69.55% after applicatiom of 20000 ml/ha. When the study results were evaluated together, it was revealed that humic acid+fulvic acid+K and leonardite increased the oil percentage, oil yield and fatty acids of the summer rapeseed variety Heros compared to the plants in control plot.The highest results were generally obtained during the bolting period using 10000 ml/ha treatment. Therefore, it was determined that the use of humic acid + fulvic acid + K and leonardite had positive effect on summer rapeseed varietyHeros in terms of the examined parameters

The effects of heat treatment on the germination and seedling growth of sorghum (sorghum sp. l. moench)

*Gürsoy, Mehtap ( Aksaray, Yazar )Sorghum is a tropical plant belonging to the Poacea family. In addition to being a human and animal food source, it is an important plant used in bioenergy production. Moreover, it is known to have a high adaptability to different environmental conditions. The present study investigated the effects of heat treatment at different temperatures (20 degrees C, 30 degrees C) on the germination and seedling growth of sorghum. The germination rate, germination index (GI), germination rate index (GRI), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), mean germination time (MGT), seedling vigor index, root and shoot lengths(cm), seedling age and dry weight (mg), chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of sorghum were examined. The root and shoot lengths of the plant increased with increasing temperature. The highest chlorophyll content was obtained at 20 degrees C, while a decrease in all properties was observed at 30 degrees C. In conclusion, the results reveal that heat treatment at 30 degrees C positively affected the germination parameters in terms of the investigated properties...

Ecophysiological responses to stresses in plants: A general approach

PubMed ID: 24191624Stress (abiotic and biotic) factors reflect and specify the plant morphology and called as "stress" and have negative effect(s) on growth, development, quality, quantity and can reduce average plant productivity by 65 to 87%, depending on the plants and stage(s) and also give various permanent or temporary damage(s) according to length of exposed period, violence/density, developmental stage, age, etc. Researches have revealed that despite the advanced technology levels the fundamental basis of stress have not been understood comprehensively. Firstly taken response(s) has/have not yet fully understood and secondly any "resistance" or "tolerance level of a variety/species" because of their complex structure(s). But, this point is clear that with the help or assistance of "multi-disciplinary" approaches, it will be able to get promising result(s) in near future. This review focuses some of the ecophysiological responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses

Effects humic acid application at different stages of growth on yield and yield components of winter rapeseed crops

Bu çalışmanın amacı; kışlık kolzaya farklı zamanlarda ve değişik dozlarda humik asit uygulamalarının verim ve verim öğelerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Ankara koşullarında 2013-2014 yılında Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede Bristol çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Humik asit dozları olarak (0, 250, 500, 1000 ml/da) 4 farklı doz uygulanmıştır. Humik asit uygulama zamanları olarak; çıkış, 6-8 yapraklı, sapa kalkma, çiçeklenme dönemleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada; bitki boyu, ana sapa bağlı yan dal sayısı, ana saptaki kapsül sayısı, kapsülde tohum sayısı, bin tohum ağırlığı ve tohum verimine ait ölçüm ve gözlemler yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda ele alınan özelliklerin tamamında humik asit uygulama zamanları ve dozları arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek değerler, bitki boyunda 118.60 cm ile 6-8 yapraklı dönemde ve 250 ml/da humik asit uygulamasından, ana saptaki kapsül sayısı 30.77 adet ile sapa kalkma ve 500 ml/da humik asit dozundan, bin tohum ağırlığı 3.68 g ile 6-8 yapraklı dönemde ile kontrol uygulamasından ve tohum verimi değeri de 238.40 kg/da ile 6-8 yapraklı dönemde ve 250 ml/da uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada genel olarak, humik asit dozlarından 250 ve 500 ml/da uygulamalarının ve uygulama zamanı olarak da 6-8 yapraklı ve sapa kalkma dönemlerinin incelenen özellikler bakımından daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştirThe purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of durations of different doses of humic acids on yield and yield components of winter rapeseed. The study was carried out at Ankara, the experiment was established as split block design with three replications during 2013-2014. Cv. Bristol was used in the experiment. Humic acid doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000 ml/da were applied. Humic acid was applied at 6-8 leaves stage, bolting and flowering stages. In the study; plant height, number of branches on main stem, number of capsules per main stem, number of seeds per capsule, one thousand seed weight and seed yield were the parameters for which observations were taken. In all of the parameters, discussed in the results of the study statistically significant differences were noted between humic acid application stages and dose. The maximum plant height of 118.60 cm was noted at humic acid application at 6-8 leaf stage using 250 ml/da. The maximum number of 30.77 capsules were noted on main stem at when humic acid was applied at bolting stage using 500 ml/da humic acid. Thousand seed weight of 3.68 g was noted at 6-8 leaf stage on control treatment. Maximum seed yield (238.40 kg/da was noted at 250 ml/da humic acid application at 6-8 leaf stage. Generally, humic acid doses of 250 and 500 ml/da were more productive on all traits after their application at 6-8 leaves stage and bolting stage that resulted in better yields