The Trend of Tuberculosis in Tekirdağ

AimThe incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) is estimated by the World Health Organization as 128/100.000 worldwide. The main principles of TB control are early case detection and diagnosis, followed by directly observed treatment of patients. The aim of this study was to analyse the dynamics of TB between 2007 and 2011 in Tekirdağ.Material and MethodsData were obtained from TB dispensaries and separated into oneyear categories. Case notification rates were analysed by different age groups (0–14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–64, 65 and above). The patients were divided into two groups according to involved organs: pulmonary (smear/culture positive=PSP and smear/culture negative/unknown=PSN/U) and extrapulmonary. Antibiotic susceptibility tests to major antituberculosis drugs were performed on M. tuberculosis strains that were grown in culture and suspected of being resistant. Resistance to both INH and rifampicin were accepted as multiple drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB).ResultsA total of 162.291 patients were examined, and out of this population, 1311 (0.8%) tuberculosis patients were evaluated. The distribution of case notification rates by year were 44.6%, 34.6%, 33.4%, 28.6%, and 27.6%from 2007 to 2011, respectively. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB rates were 74.5%(46.0%PSP and 28.5%PSN/U) and 25.5%, respectively. Extrapulmonary TB rates were 42.3% and 17.6% in men and women, respectively. Resistance rates against INH, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin were 21.6%, 8.8%, 1.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. The MDR-TB rate was 6.4%.ConclusionSystematic implementation of directly observed treatment programs plays an important role in decreasing TB incidence. Because the TB rates in our region are above the average for Turkey, screening and follow-up procedures must be conducted more stringently and regularly

Seasonality of Tuberculosis in Tekirdağ City, 2007-2011

AimIt is well known that the incidence of many respiratory infections shows seasonal variability. Unlike other respiratory infections, in many studies tuberculosis (TB) diagnoses increase in summer and the mechanism underlying this fluctuation remains unknown. We aimed to examine whether TB has an annual seasonal pattern in Tekirdağ.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from TB dispensaries in Tekirdağ retrospectively. There were 1311 cases of TB notified between January 2007 and December 2011. TB notifications show a seasonal pattern, with a peak in spring and summer, which is present in both pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.ResultsTB notification was found highest in summer with the value of 28,4 %.ConclusionTB incidence in Tekirdağ showed seasonality like previous studies held in different countries. There is a need for large longitudinal studies to clarify the underlying mechanisms that may provide a better disease control

The Trend of Tuberculosis in Tekirdağ

Amaç Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından tüm dünyada hesaplanan tüberküloz (TB) insidansı 100.000'de 128'dir. TB kontrolünün ana prensipleri erken tanı ve tedavi, bunu takiben de hastaların direkt gözlemsel tedavisidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2007-2011 yılları arasında Tekirdağ’da tüberküloz verilerindeki değişimin analizini yapmaktı. Materyal ve Metod Tekirdağ il sınırları içinde bulunan Tekirdağ ve Çorlu Verem savaş dispanserlerinden elde edilen veriler birer yıllık kategorilere ayrıldı. Hastalar, yaş gruplarına göre 0-14, 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65 ve Üzeri olmak Üzere 5 gruba ayrıldı ve vaka bildirim oranları tüm gruplarda analiz edildi. Hastalar, tutulan organa göre 2 gruba ayrıldı: Pulmoner (smear/kültür pozitif =PSP ve smear/kültür negatif/bilinmeyen =PSB/N) ve ekstrapulmoner. Kültürde üremiş ve dirençli olduğundan şüphelenilen M. Tuberculosis suşlarına major ilaçlar olan izoniazid (INH), rifampisin, etambutol ve streptomisine karşı duyarlılık testi uygulandı. INH ve rifampisine dirençli suşlar çoklu ilaca dirençli tüberküloz olarak kabul edildi (ÇİD-TB). Bulgular Toplam 162.291 hasta muayene edildi ve bunlardan 1311 (%0,8)’i TB hastası olarak değerlendirildi. Vaka bildirim oranlarının yıllara gore dağılımı 2007 ile 2011 arasında sırasıyla %44,6, %34,6, %33,4 ve %28,6 idi. Pulmoner ve ekstrapulmoner TB oranları sırasıyla %74,5 (%46 PSP ve %28,5 PSN/B) ve %25,5 idi. Ekstrapulmoner tüberküloz oranları erkekler ve kadınlarda sırasıyla %42,3 ve %17,6 idi. INH, rifampisin, etambutol ve streptomisine direnöoranları sırasıyla %21,6, %8,8, %1,6 ve %6,4 idi. ÇİD-TB oranı %6,4 olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç Doğrudan gözetimli tedavinin sistematik uygulanması tüberküloz insidansının düşmesinde önemli rol oynar. Bölgemizde tüberküloz oranları türkiye ortalamasının üzerinde olduğundan tarama ve takip prosedürleri daha sıkı ve düzenli olarak uygulanmalıdır.Aim The incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) is estimated by the World Health Organization as 128/100.000 worldwide. The main principles of TB control are early case detection and diagnosis, followed by directly observed treatment of patients. The aim of this study was to analyse the dynamics of TB between 2007 and 2011 in Tekirdağ. Material and Methods Data were obtained from TB dispensaries and separated into oneyear categories. Case notification rates were analysed by different age groups (0–14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–64, 65 and above). The patients were divided into two groups according to involved organs: pulmonary (smear/culture positive=PSP and smear/culture negative/unknown=PSN/U) and extrapulmonary. Antibiotic susceptibility tests to major antituberculosis drugs were performed on M. tuberculosis strains that were grown in culture and suspected of being resistant. Resistance to both INH and rifampicin were accepted as multiple drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Results A total of 162.291 patients were examined, and out of this population, 1311 (0.8%) tuberculosis patients were evaluated. The distribution of case notification rates by year were 44.6%, 34.6%, 33.4%, 28.6%, and 27.6%from 2007 to 2011, respectively. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB rates were 74.5%(46.0%PSP and 28.5%PSN/U) and 25.5%, respectively. Extrapulmonary TB rates were 42.3% and 17.6% in men and women, respectively. Resistance rates against INH, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin were 21.6%, 8.8%, 1.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. The MDR-TB rate was 6.4%. Conclusion Systematic implementation of directly observed treatment programs plays an important role in decreasing TB incidence. Because the TB rates in our region are above the average for Turkey, screening and follow-up procedures must be conducted more stringently and regularly

Seasonality of Tuberculosis in Tekirdağ City, 2007-2011

Amaç Pek çok solunumsal enfeksiyonun mevsimsel değişkenlik gösterdiği bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte pek çok çalışmada, diğer solunumsal enfeksiyonlardan farklı olarak tüberküloz tanısı alan hasta sayısı yaz aylarında artış göstermektedir ve altta yatan mekanizma tam olarak açıklanamamıştır. Çalışmamızda, Tekirdağ ilinde tüberküloz tanısının mevsimsellik gösterip göstermediğinin araştırılması hedeflenmiştir. Materyal ve Metot Bu amaçla Tekirdağ Verem Savaş Dispanserlerinde kayıtlı olan hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak taranarak, Ocak 2007 ile Aralık 2011 tarihleri arasında 1311 hastaya tüberküloz teşhisi konulmuş olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular Tüberküloz tanısının % 28,4 oranıyla en sık yaz aylarında konulmuş olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç Sonuç olarak farklı ülkelerde yapılan çalışmalara benzer şekilde Tekirdağ’da da tüberkülozun mevsimsellik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Hastalığın daha iyi kontrolünü sağlamada altta yatan mekanizmaları açıklayacak prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.Aim It is well known that the incidence of many respiratory infections shows seasonal variability. Unlike other respiratory infections, in many studies tuberculosis (TB) diagnoses increase in summer and the mechanism underlying this fluctuation remains unknown. We aimed to examine whether TB has an annual seasonal pattern in Tekirdağ. Materials and Methods Data were obtained from TB dispensaries in Tekirdağ retrospectively. There were 1311 cases of TB notified between January 2007 and December 2011. TB notifications show a seasonal pattern, with a peak in spring and summer, which is present in both pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Results TB notification was found highest in summer with the value of 28,4 %. Conclusion TB incidence in Tekirdağ showed seasonality like previous studies held in different countries. There is a need for large longitudinal studies to clarify the underlying mechanisms that may provide a better disease control