Incident infection estimates based on models adjusting for possible selection bias.

<p>S₁, no adjustment; S₂, model with adjustment for selection bias exerted by seeking early testing after a suspected exposure; S₃, model with adjustment for seeking medical attention due to symptoms of acute HIV infection. Refer to Methods for further explanations. The blue curve without symbols on top in each panel shows the number of HIV notifications.</p

Number of HIV notifications and incident HIV infections over time, as obtained by performance-based and window-based incident infection estimates.

<p>Panels on top labeled “All” show the data for all patients, lower panels show the data per risk category (MSM, men who have sex with men; HET, heterosexual transmission; IDU, intravenous drug use; UNK, unknown transmission pathway). In all panels, the blue curve with the circle symbols denotes the annual number of HIV notifications, and the black curve without symbols shows the estimated number of incident infections (means and their 95% confidence intervals). The top panels also show the results obtained with the 10 individual algorithms (grey lines in the background).</p

Characteristics of the 3’851 HIV notifications received 2008–2013.

<p>IQR, interquartile range;</p><p>* all infected abroad;</p><p>** predominantly infected abroad</p><p>Characteristics of the 3’851 HIV notifications received 2008–2013.</p

HIV-1 infections ruled incident by the 10 best-performing Inno-Lia algorithms.

<p>Analysis restricted to notifications that contained Inno-Lia results.</p><p>HIV-1 infections ruled incident by the 10 best-performing Inno-Lia algorithms.</p

Incident infection estimates based on models adjusting for possible selection bias.

<p>S₁, no adjustment; S₂, model with adjustment for selection bias exerted by seeking early testing after a suspected exposure; S₃, model with adjustment for seeking medical attention due to symptoms of acute HIV infection. Refer to Methods for further explanations. The blue curve without symbols on top in each panel shows the number of HIV notifications.</p

Incident HIV-1 infection estimates utilizing the performance-based method.

<p>Incident HIV-1 infection estimates utilizing the performance-based method.</p

Detection of VLPs before and after heat-denaturation at 10 IU/ml.

<p>VLP preparations of 50 IU/ml were diluted at 1:5 in PBS and heat-denatured for 5 min at 100°C. Results for the non-heat treated VLPs for the Abbot Architect and Perkin Elmer Alliance were taken from the complete panel analysis and heat-treated VLP measurement was conducted separately. For the bioMérieux VIDAS DuoUltra, heat and non-heat treated samples were analysed in parallel. Highlighted in red are VLPs with loss of p24 detection between 1.9–3-fold for the Perkin Elmer Alliance and ≥3-fold for bioMérieux VIDAS DuoUltra and Abbott Architect.</p

Phylogenetic relationship between Gag amino acid sequences of VLP panel members (red) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) subtype reference sequences (black).

<p>Gag subtype reference sequences were downloaded from the LANL website <a href="http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/NEWALIGN/align.html" target="_blank">http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/NEWALIGN/align.html</a> and filtered for subtypes present in the VLP panel. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbour joining method (Clustal W). The scale bar indicates branch length, expressed as the number of substitutions per site.</p

Overview of all results per test and VLP.

<p>Numbers indicate how many input concentrations were detected per VLP and test, i.e. 3 = 50, 10 and 2 IU/ml concentrations detected, 2 = 50 and 10 IU/ml detected, 1 = 50 IU/ml detected, 0 =  VLP not detected at any concentration. The overall sensitivity for each test was calculated as number (#) of VLPs detected (D)/total number of VLPs (n = 129, i.e. # of VLPs detected + # of VLPs not detected [ND], excluding the WHO p24 standard).</p

Amino acid sequence divergence (%) of p24 in VLP panel and LANL reference subtypes after pairwise sequence alignment.

<p>Amino acid sequence divergence (%) of p24 in VLP panel and LANL reference subtypes after pairwise sequence alignment.</p