Population Growth of Bosmina longirostris Fed Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus subspicatus in Different Densities

In this study, the effects of the different densities of Chlorella vulgaris (0.05 x 106, 0.1 x 106, 0.2 x 106, 0.4 x 106, or 0.8 x 106 cells/ml) and Scenedesmus subspicatus (0.05 x 106, 0.1 x 106, 0.2 x 106, or 0.4 x 106 cells/ml) on culture of the water flea, Bosmina longirostris, were investigated. The experiment was carried out in a photoperiod of 16 h light:8 h dark at 25±1°C. At the beginning of the experiment, one B. longirostris individual (<24 h old) was put into each vessel, and the number of individuals and rate of population increase were determined for 30 days. Increasing the food density increased the number of individuals and the rate of population. The maximum number of B. longirostris individuals (7.1±2.08 ind/ml) and maximum rate of population increase (0.2±0.004/day) was in the group fed 0.2 x 106 cells/ml S. subspicatus. The effect on the number of the individuals was statistically significant (p<0.05)

Filtration and ingestion rates of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis fed five species of microalgae at different cell densities

The microalgae Tetraselmis suecica, Nannochloropsis oculata, Chlorella sp., Isochrysis gal- bana, and Dunaliella tertiolecta were used as food for the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (L type) raised in laboratory conditions at 25±1oC and 25‰ salinity. Filtration and ingestion rates of the rotifer were determined to study the effects of different microalgae densities and feeding times on the feeding behavior of the starved B. plicatilis. The highest filtration (11.5 x 10-4 ml/ind/min) and ingestion (246.99 x 102 cells/ind/min) rates were obtained with N. oculata. The filtration rates dropped when the microalgae density rose beyond the optimum level, but ingestion rates varied with algae species. Feeding time significantly influenced these rates: after 60 min, both rates dropped

Can zirconia crowns be the first restorative choice after endodontic treatment of primary teeth?

Objective Early loss of primary teeth due to caries can cause temporary or permanent problems, such as occlusion disorders, aesthetic problems, nutritional problems, abnormal habits, and speech disorders. Although the development of restorative materials has led to significant improvements, failures are still frequent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success rates of zirconia crowns compared to other crowns for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth with excessive loss of material. Methods A total of 45 teeth of patients aged under 10 years, including primary molars and anterior teeth, requiring restoration after root canal treatment, were included in this randomized, non-blinded clinical study. Stainless steel (SSC), zirconia (ZC), and strip (SC) crowns were used and compared clinically and radiographically during a six-month follow-up period. Parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire at one week and six months to evaluate the parent and child satisfaction levels. The patients' pain and discomfort levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale. The Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Squared and Friedman and Cochran Q tests were used for statistical comparisons using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results The six-month follow-up evaluations revealed no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the SSC, ZC, and SC groups. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to parent and child satisfaction. Conclusion The clinical outcomes of ZCs were comparable to those of the other crowns. ZCs could be a choice for aesthetic purposes, with the disadvantage of a higher cost