Radioiodine Treatment for Benign Thyroid Diseases

Radioiodine (RAI) is becoming the preferred treating option for benign thyroid diseases. Hyperthyroidism is defined as hypermetabolic state caused by high levels of circulating thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland. The most common hyperthyroidism causes are Graves’ disease, toxic multinodular goitre, and solitary hyperfunctioning nodule, for which RAI can be preferred as a definitive treatment option. It is rapidly incorporated into the thyroid and with its beta emissions with a path length of 1–3 mm cause extensive local tissue damage and necrosis. The thyroid gland is effectively ablated over a period of 8–18 weeks and can no more produce normal amount of thyroid hormones. It is an individualized therapy that can either be a first-line therapy, or an alternative therapy to neck surgery or to use of antithyroidal drugs after 1 year. For the optimal efficiency, before the RAI treatment, the patients should be extensively assessed and they also should be given clear information about the treatment, as well as written instructions for precautions to avoid irradiation exposure to other people. Moreover, after RAI treatment patients should have their regular follow-up. This chapter summarizes all the points for a RAI treatment

An incidental detection of aortic aneurysm on Tc-99m MAG3 renal scintigraphy

A 71-year-old man with newly diagnosed hypertension was referred for Technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (Tc-99mMAG3) renal scintigraphy to evaluate the recent onset of impairmentin renal functions. Dynamic imaging revealed activity flowwhich was suspicious for aortic aneurysm (AA) with a concurrent decrease in left renal blood flow. CT angiography of the thoracoabdominal aorta confirmed that this area corresponded to AA. The purpose of this report was to present the first case of incidental detection of AA on Tc-99m MAG3 scintigraphy and highlight the importance of correlative imaging for thediagnosis of abnormal radioactivity accumulation in the regionof vascular structures

Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Platinum Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using Cetraria Islandica Extract

Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have structural properties that differ from their bulk forms, such as physical and chemical properties. The cost and toxicity problems caused by the synthesis of Pt NPs, which are widely used in biomedical fields, by laser ablation, aerosol, sol-gel, co-precipitation, and chemical reduction techniques are eliminated by the biological synthesis method. In this study, the biosynthesis of Cetraria islandica extract based Pt NPs was performed in PBS buffer (pH 7.4) and their antioxant activity was evaluated. With FE-SEM images, it was observed that Pt NPs had a spherical structure, aggregation tendency and an average diameter of 62 nm. The presence of Pt in the structure of NPs was observed by EDX analysis. With the peaks obtained by FT-IR analysis, the presence of C=O (amide), C-O (aliphatic ether), CO-O-CO (anhydride), C=C (alkene) and Pt were recorded and biomolecular groups that play a role in the synthesis were revealed. It was determined that Pt NPs synthesized via C. islandica extract had antioxidant activity (92.4 ug/ml, R2=0.8727). As a conclusion, biosynthesis of Pt NPs with C. islandica extract was carried out as an alternative to physical and chemical methods, and its antioxidant activity was revealed. It is thought that the obtained data can be used in biomedical fields

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p < 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Diabetes-induced renal failure is associated with tissue inflammation and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: Effects of resveratrol

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the absence of secretion of insulin or its inefficient use in the body. In this study, we investigated how resveratrol administration affects the renal functions and pro-inflammatory signaling pathway components in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control/vehicle; (2) control/20 mg/kg resveratrol; (3) diabetic/vehicle; and (4) diabetic/20 mg/kg resveratrol. In addition to renal glucose, lipid, angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), erythropoietin (EPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) content, the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like-2 (Nrf2), and the protein contents of interleukins-1β,6,8 (IL-1β,6,8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The rats in the diabetes group demonstrated significantly lower terminal body weight and renal ANG-1, but significantly higher renal glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ADMA and MDA concentrations. Diabetes triggered inflammation in kidney tissues, reflected as an increase in NGAL level. The renal inflammation observed in the diabetes group was associated with significant upregulation of components of the pro-inflammatory pathway, iNOS, NF-κB, Nrf2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. To some extent, resveratrol administration reversed the diabetes-induced changes in renal tissues, suggesting that resveratrol partially protected from diabetes-induced renal failure due to its restorative activities in tissue inflammation

Diabetes-induced renal failure is associated with tissue inflammation and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: Effects of resveratrol

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the absence of secretion of insulin or its inefficient use in the body. In this study, we investigated how resveratrol administration affects the renal functions and pro-inflammatory signaling pathway components in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control/vehicle; (2) control/20 mg/kg resveratrol; (3) diabetic/vehicle; and (4) diabetic/20 mg/kg resveratrol. In addition to renal glucose, lipid, angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), erythropoietin (EPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) content, the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like-2 (Nrf2), and the protein contents of interleukins-1β,6,8 (IL-1β,6,8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The rats in the diabetes group demonstrated significantly lower terminal body weight and renal ANG-1, but significantly higher renal glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ADMA and MDA concentrations. Diabetes triggered inflammation in kidney tissues, reflected as an increase in NGAL level. The renal inflammation observed in the diabetes group was associated with significant upregulation of components of the pro-inflammatory pathway, iNOS, NF-κB, Nrf2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. To some extent, resveratrol administration reversed the diabetes-induced changes in renal tissues, suggesting that resveratrol partially protected from diabetes-induced renal failure due to its restorative activities in tissue inflammation

Diabetes-induced renal failure is associated with tissue inflammation and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin: effects of resveratrol

WOS:000389771500005Diabetes mellitus is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the absence of secretion of insulin or its inefficient use in the body. In this study, we investigated how resveratrol administration affects the renal functions and pro-inflammatory signaling pathway components in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control/vehicle; (2) control/20 mg/kg resveratrol; (3) diabetic/vehicle; and (4) diabetic/20 mg/kg resveratrol. In addition to renal glucose, lipid, angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), erythropoietin (EPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) content, the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory markers, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like-2 (Nrf2), and the protein contents of interleukins-1 beta,6,8 (IL-1 beta,6,8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were analyzed using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The rats in the diabetes group demonstrated significantly lower terminal body weight and renal ANG-1, but significantly higher renal glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, ADMA and MDA concentrations. Diabetes triggered inflammation in kidney tissues, reflected as an increase in NGAL level. The renal inflammation observed in the diabetes group was associated with significant upregulation of components of the pro-inflammatory pathway, iNOS, NF-kappa B, Nrf2, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. To some extent, resveratrol administration reversed the diabetes-induced changes in renal tissues, suggesting that resveratrol partially protected from diabetes-induced renal failure due to its restorative activities in tissue inflammation.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [3501/112T159]; Karamanoglu Mehmetbey UniversityKaramanoglu Mehmetbey University [20-M-15]This study was supported by grants from TUBITAK (3501/112T159) and Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University (20-M-15) that are gratefully acknowledged

Lichen Based Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of its Neurotoxic Effects on Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Nanoparticles, smaller than 100 nm are synthesized by chemical and physical methods. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles is very popular in science recently. The aim of the study is green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using the lichen extract (Ramalina fraxinea) and investigating the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY-5Y). Despite the widespread use of ZnO NPs, a limited number of studies have investigated the neurobiological effects of ZnO NP. Therefore, we tested the neurotoxic effect of green synthesized ZnO NPs administration and its neuroprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage on SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. The absorbance peak of the ZnO NPs was detected by UV- visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) at 330 nm. The average diameter of ZnO NPs was measured as about 21 nm by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) images. According to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) diagram, ZnO NPs were hexagonal in structure. The peaks observed in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-1R) test showed functional groups in the structure of the nanoparticles. According to our results, ZnO NPs may have beneficial effects at the low concentrations while neurotoxic effects at the higher doses in SH-SY5Y. In addition, we indicate that hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death could not reverse by ZnO NPs and its higher doses potentiated the neurodegenerative effect of hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, here we report that ZnO NPs, widely used in various products, may have beneficial or harmful effects in a dose-dependent manner and play a role in neuropsychiatric disease, especially neurodegenerative diseases. This is the first study dealing with neurotoxicity on SHSY-5Y of Ramalina fraxinea extract based ZnO NPs

Effect of Acorus calamus and Apium graveolens extracts on Egfr and Erbb2 in LNCaP cells

WOS:000437674104027Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men of developed Western countries. Several treatments are available for treatment of prostate cancer. These include surgery, radiation, radioactive implants and hormonal therapy. However, the treatment often impacts the quality of life due to side‑effects or complications. Thus, numerous investigators have focused on discovering novel drugs or treatments. Among all the agents tested, natural products derived from medicinal plants are among the most favorable. Migration and invasion of cancer cells is regulated by multiple pathways that employ various growth factor and their receptors, integrins and cytoskeletal elements. A key role is played by the EGF receptor (EGFR), which, following interaction with the integrin a6b4, promotes cell migration through activation of PI3K and other downstream pathways. The androgen receptor can be activated indirectly by growth factor receptors, mainly the transmembrane tyrosine kinases EGFR and ERBB2, members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, which are activated inappropriately in many human cancer types. It has been reported that the EGF receptors EGFR (HER­1) and ERBB2 (HER­2 / neu) are overexpressed in metastatic prostate tumors. In this study, we investigated the effect of A. Calamus and A. Graveolens extracts on Egfr and Erbb2 on the human prostatic carcinoma cell line LNCaP. LNCaP cells were treated with increasing concentrations of an ethanolic extract of A. graveolens ranging from 1000 to 3000 µg/ml, A. Calamus 250 to 750 µg/ml and viability was determined after 24 and 48 h using the XTT cell proliferation assay. The levels of EGFR and ERBB2 were analyzed. Finally, quantitative gene expression analysis of EGFR and ERBB2, was performed using real­time reverse transcription– polymerase chain reaction. As a result, we observed that A. calamus and A. graveolens extracts affected EGFR and ERBB2 levels in LNCaP cell

Our Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis Risk Factors and Relationship with Osteoarhritis-Osteoporosis

Aim: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, that developes as a result of the impairment of formation and destruction processes in cartilage and sinovial tissues, with the effect of various traumatic, biomechanic, inflammatory and genetic factors. Material and Methods: In this study, risk factors and relation between OA and OP (osteoporosis) is evaluated in 127 patients with knee OA. Age, gender, obesity, menopause, ligamentous laxity, DM, injury of joint, genetic predisposition and proprioceptive defects are the risk factors in knee OA. Results: No relation was observed between radiographic knee OA and scores of tests which evaluate pain and disability such as WOMAC and Lequesne; but there was a significant relation between obesity and WOMAC and Lequesne scores. Thus, obesity is a disability determinant in knee OA. We think that smoking has protective effects on OA, but this claim has to be proven with studies containing large control groups. In accordance with literature, we determined a significant concurrence between hand and knee OA. This relation gets stronger as severity of radiographic disease increases. In our patients with knee OA depriving clinical inflammation signs, CRP values were higher than control group and this was statistically significant. Therefore, we may not deny a chronic inflammatory response in OA. No significant relation observed between serum cholesterol values, lipid values, blood pressure and OA. However, presence of DM accelerates the radiographic progression of OA. Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in our OA patients than in controls. The literature data, that high serum uric acid levels play role especially in generalised OA’s multifactorial etiology, is also supported by our results. Conclusion: Age, gender, menopause and genetic predisposition seemed to have more effects on the incidence of knee OA; while obesity, period of menopause, ligamantous laxity and DM seemed to have more effects on OA progression according to our results. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2011;17:14-20