Türkiye’de Buğday Üretiminde Enerji Bilançosunun Belirlenmesi: Aksaray İli Eskil İlçesi Örneği

This study aims to make an energy balance of wheat production in Eskil district of Aksaray province in Turkey. In order to determine the energy balance of wheat, surveys have been conducted in 151 wheat farms, located around 12 villages of Eskil district and selected through simple random sampling method. During the production season in 2013, the energy input-output ratio of the 151 wheat farms have been determined through observations and faceto-face questionnaires. Regarding wheat production, energy input has been calculated as 25876.29 MJ ha-1 , while energy output has been calculated as 76990.96 MJ ha-1 , and energy output / input ratio has been defined as 2.97. The composition of energy inputs is 43.84% chemical fertilizers energy, 15.06% wheat seed energy, 13.93% water of irrigation, 13.07% diesel fuel energy, 11.10% electricity energy, 1.39% machinery energy, 0.92% transportation energy, 0.48% chemical energy and 0.20% human labour energy. Energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy in wheat production have been calculated as 2.97; 0.20 kg MJ-1 ; 4.94 MJ kg-1 and 51114.67 MJ ha-1 , respectively.Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Aksaray ilinin Eskil ilçesinde buğday üretiminde enerji bilançosunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Buğdayın enerji bilançosunu belirlemek için, basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi vasıtasıyla seçilmiş ve Eskil ilçesinin 12 köyündeki 151 işletme ile çalışılmıştır. 2013 üretim sezonu boyunca 151 buğday işletmesi ile yüz yüze anket ve gözlem yapılarak enerji girdi-çıktı oranı belirlenmiştir. Buğday üretiminde enerji girdisi 25876.29 MJ ha-1 , enerji çıktısı 76990.96 MJ ha-1 olarak hesaplanmış ve enerji çıktı / girdi oranı 2.97 olarak belirlenmiştir. Enerji girdilerinin %43.84’ü kimyasal gübre enerjisi, %15.06’sı buğday tohumu enerjisi, %13.93’ü sulama enerjisi, %13.07’si yakıt enerjisi, %11.10’u elektrik enerjisi, %1.39’u makine enerjisi, %0.92’si taşıma enerjisi, %0.48’i kimyasal enerji ve %0.20’si insan işgücü enerjisinden oluşmaktadır. Buğday üretiminde enerji kullanım etkinliği, enerji verimliliği, spesifik enerji ve net enerji sırasıyla 2.97; 0.20 kg MJ-1 ; 4.94 MJ kg-1 and 51114.67 MJ ha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır

Solution of Conformable Fractional Ordinary Differential Equations via Differential Transform Method

Recently, a new fractional derivative called the conformable fractional derivative is given which is based on the basic limit definition of the derivative in [1]. Then, the fractional versions of chain rules, exponential functions, Gronwall's inequality, integration by parts, Taylor power series expansions is developed in [2]. In this paper, we give conformable fractional differential transform method and its application to conformable fractional differential equations

Solutions around a regular a singular point of a sequential conformable fractional differential equation

In this work, firstly, some concepts of conformable fractional calculus in literature are given. Secondly, definitions of alpha-analytic point, a-ordinary point and regular a singular point are presented. Finally, the fractional power series solutions are given around a regular-singular point, in the case of variable coefficients for homogeneous sequential linear conformable fractional differential equations of order 2 alpha

Existence and uniqueness theorems for sequential linear conformable fractional differential equations

Recently, a new definition of fractional derivative called as the conformable fractional derivative which based on limits introduced by Khalil et al (2014). Later, Abdeljawad (2015) improved these definitions and gave the basic concepts in this new fractional calculus. In this paper, we generalize Abel's formula and Wronskian determinant definition and establish existence and uniqueness theorems for sequential linear conformable fractional differential equations