Riedel’s thyroiditis — difficulties in differentiating from thyroid cancer

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Effects of genetic modifications to flax (Linum usitatissimum) on arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant performance

Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their positive effect on flax growth, the impact of genetic manipulation in this crop on arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant performance was assessed for the first time. Five types of transgenic flax that were generated to improve fiber quality and resistance to pathogens, through increased levels of either phenylpropanoids (W92.40), glycosyltransferase (GT4, GT5), or PR2 beta-1,3-glucanase (B14) or produce polyhydroxybutyrate (M50), were used. Introduced genetic modifications did not change the degree of mycorrhizal colonization as compared to parent cultivars Linola and Nike. Arbuscules were well developed in each tested transgenic type (except M50). In two lines (W92.40 and B14), a higher abundance of arbuscules was observed when compared to control, untransformed flax plants. However, in some cases (W92.40, GT4, GT5, and B14 Md), the mycorrhizal dependency for biomass production of transgenic plants was slightly lower when compared to the original cultivars. No significant influence of mycorrhiza on the photosynthetic activity of transformed lines was found, but in most cases P concentration in mycorrhizal plants remained higher than in nonmycorrhizal ones. The transformed flax lines meet the demands for better quality of fiber and higher resistance to pathogens, without significantly influencing the interaction with AMF

Delayed symptomatic cerebral vasospasm after transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma

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Endocrine-related adverse events associated with targeted treatment and immune checkpoint blockage in hematological malignancies

The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors considerably improved the treatment of many hematological malignancies. However, these new classes of drugs are associated with novel hitherto not observed endocrine-related adverse effects. Therefore, this review aims to get insight into the pathogenesis of endocrine-related AEs and summarize their management according to the current European recommendations

A High Density Consensus Map of Rye (Secale cereale L.) Based on DArT Markers

L.) is an economically important crop, exhibiting unique features such as outstanding resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and high nutrient use efficiency. This species presents a challenge to geneticists and breeders due to its large genome containing a high proportion of repetitive sequences, self incompatibility, severe inbreeding depression and tissue culture recalcitrance. The genomic resources currently available for rye are underdeveloped in comparison with other crops of similar economic importance. The aim of this study was to create a highly saturated, multilocus linkage map of rye via consensus mapping, based on Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers.Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from 5 populations (564 in total) were genotyped using DArT markers and subjected to linkage analysis using Join Map 4.0 and Multipoint Consensus 2.2 software. A consensus map was constructed using a total of 9703 segregating markers. The average chromosome map length ranged from 199.9 cM (2R) to 251.4 cM (4R) and the average map density was 1.1 cM. The integrated map comprised 4048 loci with the number of markers per chromosome ranging from 454 for 7R to 805 for 4R. In comparison with previously published studies on rye, this represents an eight-fold increase in the number of loci placed on a consensus map and a more than two-fold increase in the number of genetically mapped DArT markers.Through the careful choice of marker type, mapping populations and the use of software packages implementing powerful algorithms for map order optimization, we produced a valuable resource for rye and triticale genomics and breeding, which provides an excellent starting point for more in-depth studies on rye genome organization

How Machine Learning Methods Helped Find Putative Rye Wax Genes Among GBS Data

The standard approach to genetic mapping was supplemented by machine learning (ML) to establish the location of the rye gene associated with epicuticular wax formation (glaucous phenotype). Over 180 plants of the biparental F2 population were genotyped with the DArTseq (sequencing-based diversity array technology). A maximum likelihood (MLH) algorithm (JoinMap 5.0) and three ML algorithms: logistic regression (LR), random forest and extreme gradient boosted trees (XGBoost), were used to select markers closely linked to the gene encoding wax layer. The allele conditioning the nonglaucous appearance of plants, derived from the cultivar Karlikovaja Zelenostebelnaja, was mapped at the chromosome 2R, which is the first report on this localization. The DNA sequence of DArT-Silico 3585843, closely linked to wax segregation detected by using ML methods, was indicated as one of the candidates controlling the studied trait. The putative gene encodes the ABCG11 transporter

Manuscript materials of public life of the Załuski Library in Warsaw from the time of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (the second half of the 16th-18th century)

The paper discusses a part of manuscript collection of the Załuski Library in Warsaw related to developing, documenting and registering or aimed at influencing public life in the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. The manuscript collections of the Załuski Library, amounting to about 11-13 000 units, were among the largest and most valuable in Poland up until being dispatched to Saint Petersburg in 1796; following their repossession by Poland after 1922, the vast majority of them (about 80%) were destroyed in 1944. Asthe old handwritten inventories were lost together with the collection, the paper is based on two printed selective catalogues of manuscripts, later inventory and catalogue records drawn up in Saint Petersburg as well as few reference works and other scientific studies. The number of public life documents held in the Załuski Library can be estimated at approximately 300-400 inventory units. The most important ones include Crown Chancellery official books and collections of records concerning administrative, fiscal and military matters of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Anumerous group of materials was represented by sejm diaries, collections of public life documents created by private initiative and for private use as well as official correspondence of Polish kings and state dignitarie