Los recién nacidos muy prematuros: dificultades en la escuela

Introduction: Premature birth implicitly involves a situation of immaturity that affects all the anatomicaland functional systems of the newborn, a condition of special vulnerability, with a frequent association with other pathologies and / or alterations in child development.Objetive: To know the difficulties in school that children born very premature can presentMaterial and Methods: Bibliographic review in databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, Cochrane; selecting scientific articles in both Spanish and English for the last 10 years.Results: Children born very premature and / or with low birth weight, have a higher risk of presenting difficulties that may impair their proper development in childhood and adolescence. Some of the needs evidenced at the motor level are simple motor delay and cerebral palsy; at sensory-cognitive level, there were learning problems and major sensory alterations; and at a social-emotional level, there are behavioral disorders such as hyperactivity and emotional disorders such as depression, somatic complaints, fears and phobias.Conclusions: Health professionals, education and families must know the risk presented by large premature children to present difficulties and / or alterations that may interfere with school life, in order to work together in the prevention of such difficulties with a early intervention. Nursing care must go far beyond the acute situation of the newborn, being a promoter of health in all stages of the child's life.Introducción: El nacimiento prematuro lleva implícito una situación de inmadurez que afecta a todos los sistemas anatómicos y funcionales del recién nacido, condición de especial vulnerabilidad, con una frecuente asociación con otras patologías y/o alteraciones del desarrollo infantil.Objetivo: Conocer las dificultades en la escuela que pueden presentar los niños y niñas nacidos muy prematuros.Material y Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos como Pubmed, Medline, Scielo, Cochrane; seleccionando artículos científicos tanto en español como en inglés de los últimos 10 años. Resultados: Los niños y las niñas que nacen muy prematuros y/o con bajo peso al nacer, tienen un mayor riesgo de presentar dificultades que pueden perjudicar su correcto desarrollo en la infancia y la adolescencia. Algunas de las necesidades evidenciadas a nivel motor son el retraso motor simple y la parálisis cerebral; a nivel sensorio-cognitivo, fueron los problemas de aprendizaje y alteraciones sensoriales mayores; y a nivel socioemocional, se evidencian trastornos comportamentales como es la hiperactividad y trastornos emocionales como son la depresión, quejas somáticas, temores y fobias. Conclusiones: Los profesionales de salud, de la educación y las familias, deben conocer el riesgo que presentan los grandes prematuros de presentar dificultades y/o alteraciones que pueden interferir en la vida escolar, con el fin de trabajar conjuntamente en la prevención de dichas dificultades con una intervención temprana. El cuidado de enfermería debe ir mucho más allá de la situación aguda del recién nacido, siendo agente promotor de salud en todas las etapas de la vida del niño/a

Training-induced changes in drag-flick technique in female field hockey players

The penalty corner is one of the most important goal plays in field hockey. The drag-flick is used less by women than men in a penalty corner. The aim of this study was to describe training-induced changes in the drag-flick technique in female field hockey players. Four female players participated in the study. The VICON optoelectronic system (Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) measured the kinematic parameters of the drag-flick with six cameras sampling at 250 Hz, prior to and after training. Fifteen shots were captured for each subject. A Wilcoxon test assessed the differences between pre-training and post-training parameters. Two players received specific training twice a week for 8 weeks; the other two players did not train. The proposed drills improved the position of the stick at the beginning of the shot (p<0.05), the total distance of the shot (p<0.05)and the rotation radius at ball release (p<0.01). It was noted that all players had lost speed of the previous run. Further studies should include a larger sample, in order to provide more information on field hockey performance

Does Backgrounds Color Influence the Appearance of Gingiva-Colored Resin-Based Composites?

This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number PGC2018-101904-A-100, the Government of Andalusia, grant number P20-00200, the University of Granada, grant number A.TEP.280.UGR18, and the APC was funded by the grant number PGC2018-101904-A-100.Dental materials are mainly tested in vitro, so laboratory conditions must reproduce the oral environment to ensure the validity of their results. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of backgrounds on the color of gingiva-colored resin-based composites (GCRBC). Three discs of each of 20 shades of GCRBCs and each thickness (1 and 2 mm) were prepared. Diffuse reflectance was measured on-air and over three natural teeth (0M3/B1, 3M3/B3, and 5M3/B4 shades of Vita 3D Master/Vita Classical guides, respectively) using a calibrated spectroradiometer, CIE D65 illuminant and the CIE 45 degrees/0 degrees geometry. CIEDE2000 color difference formula and its 50:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds have been used to calculate and interpret the results. It can be stated that the background influences the color of all GCRBCs tested, although the effect is more pronounced for 1 mm thick samples. L*, a* and b* coordinates values of GCRBCs on air were significantly different from those obtained on natural teeth backgrounds, and the total color differences were greater than the acceptability thresholds. Since GCRBCs are placed on a dental substrate in clinical conditions, it is not advisable to perform color measurements of GCRBCs on-air because of the high color differences found. This recommendation is especially relevant for thin specimens.Spanish Government PGC2018-101904-A-100Government of Andalusia P20-00200University of Granada A.TEP.280.UGR1

Color stability and degree of conversion of gingiva-colored resin-based composites

Objectives: To evaluate gingiva-colored resin-based composites' (GCRBC) color stability and degree of conversion (DC%). Methods: Eight discs (8 1 mm) of 20 shades of GCRBC were prepared. Color coordinates were measured against a gray background with a calibrated spectroradiometer, CIE D65 illuminant and the CIE 45 /0 geometry at baseline and after 30 days of storage in distilled water, coffee, and red wine. Color differences (ΔE00) between final and baseline conditions were calculated. An ATR-FTIR spectrometer with a diamond tip was used to calculate DC%. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: DC% and color stability correlated with each other and with the GCRBC brand. DC% ranged between 43% and 96%, highest values correspond to flowable composites. All composites have experienced color changes after immersion in water, wine and coffee. However, the magnitude of the color change has varied widely depending on the immersion medium and the GCRBC. Color changes generated by the wine were, globally, greater than those induced by coffee (p < 0.001) and above the acceptability thresholds. Conclusions: The DC% of GCRBCs is sufficient to achieve adequate biocompatibility and physicomechanical properties, but the high susceptibility to staining could compromise aesthetic long-term results. Clinical Significance: The degree of conversion and the color stability of gingivacolored resin-based composites correlated with each other. All composites have experienced color changes after immersion in water, wine and coffee. Color changes generated by wine were, globally, greater than those induced by coffee and above the acceptability thresholds that could compromise aesthetic long-term results.Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: P20-00200; Universidad de GranadaGrant/Award Number: CBU

Pru p 3 mutants exhibit low IgE-binding capacity: a good strategy for specific peach immunotherapy.

Treatment of food allergy consists of the avoidance of the specific allergenic food. However, the possibility of cross-reactivity with other food sources makes this practice sometimes ineffective. The use of hypoallergenic molecules with the ability to stimulate T cells may be a promising tool for specific immunotherapy

Relevant optical properties for gingiva-colored resin-based composites

The authors acknowledge funding support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PGC2018-101904-A-100) and from the i+D+I Government of Andalusia 2020, Spain (P20-00200).Objectives: To evaluate the optical properties of gingiva-colored resin-based composites (GCRBCs). Methods: Five discs (8 mm diameter x 1mm height) of 17 shades of GCRBCs were prepared. Diffuse reflectance was measured against white and black backgrounds using a calibrated spectroradiometer, CIE D65 illuminant and the CIE 45⁰/0⁰ geometry. Relative translucency parameter was calculated using ΔE00 (RTP00). Translucency differences were evaluated using published data of 50:50% translucency perceptibility (TPT00) and acceptability (TAT00) thresholds. Scattering (S) and absorption (K) coefficients and transmittance (T%) were calculated using Kubelka–Munk’s equations. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney tests, and VAF coefficient. Results: The RTP00 values of the 17 evaluated shades ranged from 8.69 to 21.34. There were perceptible translucency differences (TPT00=0.62) between different shades of the same brand and between composites designated with the same shade of different brands. Spectral distributions of S, K and T were wavelength- dependent. Although the spectral behavior of the S and K coefficients and T% were similar for all the gingival composites evaluated, the values of these parameters presented statistically significant differences between shades, which would justify the differences found in the relative translucency parameter. Conclusions: The optical properties S, K and T% of GCRBCs were significantly different, resulting in perceptible translucency differences between the same shade of different commercial brands and between different shades of the same brand. Clinical significance: Translucency differences of gingiva-colored composites may significantly influence their masking ability affecting the clinician’s choice of restorative material.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PGC2018-101904-A-100)i+D+I Government of Andalusia 2020, Spain (P20-00200

Optical behavior of 3D-printed dental restorative resins: Influence of thickness and printing angle

The authors also acknowledge Detax GmbH, Formlabs Inc. and GC Corporation for providing the polymer-based 3D printing restorative resins used in this study.Objectives To evaluate the influence of thickness and printing angle on the optical properties of 3D-printed dental restorative resins. Methods Four 3D printing resin systems were evaluated: DFT-Detax Freeprint Temp; FP- Formlabs Permanent Crown; FP- Formlabs Temporary CB; and GCT- GC Temporary-. Samples from each material were printed at 0° and 90°, and polished up to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm thickness. Scattering (S), absorption (K) and albedo (a) coefficients, transmittance (T%), light reflectivity (RI) and infinite optical thickness ( ) were calculated using Kubelka-Munk’s model. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis¸ Mann-Whitney tests, and VAF coefficient. Results The spectral distribution on S, K, T%, RI, were wavelength dependent. Although the spectral behaviors were similar for all the specimens evaluated, the values of S, K, T% and presented significant differences between specimen thicknesses for all the materials used and for both printing orientations. Values for S and K increased, and T% and decreased. Significant differences between 0° and 90° were found for RI values at 0.5 and 1.0 mm thick samples, for S and K at 2.0 mm, for at 0.5 and 1.0 mm for DFT, and at 0.5 mm for FT. Conclusions Optical properties of 3D-printed restorative resins vary between thicknesses, and could be affected by the building orientation. Therefore, these factors should be considered in order to improve the biomimetic potential of 3D-printed dental restorative resins. Clinical significance Understanding the optical behavior of the 3D-printed restorative resins is essential to optimize their clinical performance.FEDER/ Government of Andalusia P20-00200support from the FEDER/ Government of Andalusia P20-00200 and State of Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS (grant #19/2551-0001721-9)Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBU

The influence of printing angle on color and translucency of 3D printed resins for dental restorations

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of printing orientation on color and translucency of 3D printing restorative resins. Methods: Four 3D printing resin systems in the available shades (DFT-Detax Freeprint Temp- A1, A2,A3; FPFormlabs Permanent Crown- A2,A3,B1,C2; FT- Formlabs Temporary CB- A2,A3,B1,C2; GCT-GC TemporaryLight, Medium) were evaluated. Three samples (10x10x1.2 mm) from each material were printed at two different printing orientations (0 degrees and 90 degrees) and polished to 1.00 +/- 0,01 mm of thickness. Spectral reflectance was measured against black background using a calibrated spectroradiometer, CIE D65 standard illuminant and the 45 degrees/0 degrees geometry. Color and translucency differences were evaluated using CIEDE2000 metric (AE00) and 50:50% perceptibility (PT00 and TPT00) and acceptability (AT00 and TAT00) thresholds. Results: In general, color changes due to printing orientation at (0 degrees and 90 degrees) were mainly produced by AL* or AC* . AE00 were above PT00 for all DFT shades, FP-B1, FP-C2, FT-A2 and FT-B1. Only for DFT-1, AE00 was above AT00. ARTP00 values were above TPT00 for DFT-A1, DFT-A3, FP-B1 and FT-B1, but lower than TAT00. The direction of the changes in translucency (ARTP00) depends on the material and shade. Significance: The selection of building orientation (0 degrees and 90 degrees) for the 3D printed resins influence the visual color and translucency and therefore their esthetic appearance. These aspects should be considered when printing dental restorations using the evaluated materials.FEDER/Government of Andalusia P20-00200Spanish Government PGC2018-101904-A-100State of Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS 19/2551-0001721-9Universidad de Granada/CBU

Computational study of ligand binding in lipid transfer proteins: Structures, interfaces, and free energies of protein-lipid complexes

Plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) bind a wide variety of lipids, which allows them to perform disparate functions. Recent reports on their multifunctionality in plant growth processes have posed new questions on the versatile binding abilities of these proteins. The lack of binding specificity has been customarily explained in qualitative terms on the basis of a supposed structural flexibility and nonspecificity of hydrophobic protein-ligand interactions. We present here a computational study of protein-ligand complexes formed between five nsLTPs and seven lipids bound in two different ways in every receptor protein. After optimizing geometries inmolecular dynamics calculations, we computed Poisson- Boltzmann electrostatic potentials, solvation energies, properties of the protein-ligand interfaces, and estimates of binding free energies of the resulting complexes. Our results provide the first quantitative information on the ligand abilities of nsLTPs, shed new light into protein-lipid interactions, and reveal new features which supplement commonly held assumptions on their lack of binding specificity

Evaluación de los conocimientos y de la aplicación de la tetanalgesia en una unidad de neonatología

Introduction: During the hospitalization, newborn children are subjected to constant painful and stressful procedures. There is evidence that breastfeeding makes an analgesic effect. This is known as Tetanalgesia.Enfermería Global Nº 38 Abril 2015 Página 34Objective: To value the knowledge of health professionals on tetanalgesia and analyze the causes of their lack of implantation during painful procedures realized to hospitalize newborn children.Material and Methods: Was realized an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study, using a validated questionnaire auto completed by health professionals in the Unit of Neonatology of the Hospital University Virgen del Rocío (Seville).Results and Conclusions: Of the total study population (51 health professionals), only 45% knew the concept of tetanalgesia what it denotes the deficit of formation in the matter. Of these, only 22% apply it. The main causes of non-applicability were lack of consensus among the professionals (55,56%) and lack of time (38,89%),factors related to teamwork and working conditions.Introducción: Durante la hospitalización, los neonatos están sometidos a constantes procedimientos dolorosos y estresantes. Está demostrado que la lactancia materna realiza un efecto analgésico. Este beneficio analgésico se conoce como tetanalgesia.Objetivo: Valorar el conocimiento de los profesionales sanitarios sobre la tetanalgesia y analizar las causas de su falta de implantación durante los procedimientos dolorosos realizados en el neonato hospitalizado.Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo, mediante un cuestionario validado autocumplimentado por los profesionales sanitarios en la Unidad de Neonatología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (Sevilla).Resultados y Conclusiones: Del total de la población estudiada, 51 profesionales sanitarios, sólo el 45% conoce el concepto de tetanalgesia lo que denota el déficit de formación al respecto. De estos, sólo el 22% lo aplica. Las causas principales de la no aplicabilidad fueron la falta de consenso de los profesionales (55,56%) y la falta de tiempo (38,89%), factores relacionados con el trabajo de equipo y con las condiciones de trabaj